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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
empirical
empirical
[Adjective]

based upon observations or experiments instead of theories or ideas

Ex: The scientist relied on empirical data to support her hypothesis about climate change. 
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to suggest

to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

Ex: The dark clouds and distant rumble of thunder suggested an approaching storm. 
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minimal
minimal
[Adjective]

very small in amount or degree, often the smallest possible

Ex: She applied only a minimal amount of makeup for a natural look. 
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to assign
to assign
[Verb]

to categorize or organize something into specific groups or classifications

Ex: The teacher assigned the students to different groups for the class project. 
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to tend
to tend
[Verb]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

Ex: Some plants tend to thrive in direct sunlight, while others prefer shade. 
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socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[Adjective]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

Ex: The study examined the socioeconomic disparities in access to healthcare. 
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further
further
[Adverb]

at or to a more advanced point or stage

Ex: To complete the project, we need to push further into the research phase. 
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to entrench

to establish deeply and firmly, often making something difficult to change or remove

Ex: The company's policies are deeply entrenched in its corporate culture. 
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divide
divide
[noun]

a significant disagreement or separation between two groups, often causing tension or conflict

Ex: The political divide led to heated debates in the legislature. 
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influential
influential
[Adjective]

able to have much impact on someone or something

Ex: Her influential speeches inspired many people to take action for social change. 
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estimate
estimate
[noun]

a judgment or calculation of the size, extent, value, etc. of something without knowing the exact details or numbers

Ex: The contractor provided an estimate for the cost of renovating the kitchen. 
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capable
capable
[Adjective]

having the ability or capacity to do something

Ex: She is capable of solving complex problems. 
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diverse
diverse
[Adjective]

showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

Ex: The team consisted of individuals from diverse backgrounds, bringing a range of experiences and perspectives to the table. 
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flexible
flexible
[Adjective]

capable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs

Ex: Her flexible approach to problem-solving made her an excellent team member. 
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peer
peer
[noun]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

Ex: In high school, he struggled to find peers who shared his passion for classical literature. 
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crucial
crucial
[Adjective]

extremely important or essential

Ex: It is crucial to follow safety guidelines. 
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aspect
aspect
[noun]

a specific part or side of something that is worth considering

Ex: From a historical aspect, the building holds great significance in the city. 
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unrecognized
unrecognized
[Adjective]

not praised, appreciated, or respected for one’s achievements

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to get over

to convey or communicate a message, idea, or emotion to someone effectively

Ex: The keynote speaker was able to get over the importance of environmental conservation. 
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to operate

to function in a specific way

Ex: The machine operates smoothly when all components are in good condition. 
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tool
tool
[noun]

the means whereby some act is accomplished

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to possess

to have a particular quality, attribute, knowledge, or skill

Ex: She possesses a remarkable talent for playing the piano. 
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cognitive
cognitive
[Adjective]

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

Ex: Cognitive therapy helps individuals recognize and change negative thought patterns. 
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structure
structure
[noun]

a system of knowledge organized into interconnected elements

Ex: Linguists study the structure of language. 
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to pass on

to transfer knowledge, traditions, or skills to another person or group, often to ensure they are preserved or continued

Ex: The martial arts instructor decided to pass on his advanced techniques only to his most dedicated students. 
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to master
to master
[Verb]

to learn to perform or use a skill or ability thoroughly and completely

Ex: The chef took the time to master the art of creating intricate desserts. 
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zeal
zeal
[noun]

a great enthusiasm directed toward achieving something

Ex: The teacher's zeal for education inspired her students to pursue knowledge and excel in their studies. 
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freshness
freshness
[noun]

the quality or condition of being new, recently made, harvested, or experienced

Ex: The chef emphasized the importance of using locally sourced ingredients to preserve the freshness of the dishes. 
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interaction

the act of communicating or working together with someone or something

Ex: Their interaction during the meeting led to a fruitful collaboration. 
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step
step
[noun]

a stage in a process or a grade in a scale

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collaborative
collaborative
[Adjective]

involving or done by two or more parties working together toward a shared goal

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not to mention

much less

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communication

the process or activity of exchanging information or expressing feelings, thoughts, or ideas by speaking, writing, etc.

Ex: Good communication is key to a successful relationship. 
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to flourish

to quickly grow in a successful way

Ex: The tech startup flourished in the competitive market, quickly becoming a leading company in the industry. 
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at the expense of
at the expense of
[preposition]

causing a negative consequence or cost to someone or something in order to benefit another

Ex: His success came at the expense of his personal life, as he devoted all his time to work. 
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bunch
bunch
[noun]

a group of people, often with something in common

Ex: The new employees were a friendly bunch, eager to get started. 
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reluctant
reluctant
[Adjective]

not welcoming or willing to do something because it is undesirable

Ex: Despite his love for adventure, he was reluctant to try bungee jumping because of his fear of heights. 
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lookout
lookout
[noun]

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

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to demonstrate

to explain something by providing examples, doing experiments, etc.

Ex: The biologist demonstrated the process of photosynthesis using a leaf and a light source. 
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to handle
to handle
[Verb]

to deal with a situation or problem successfully

Ex: The experienced manager handles challenging projects with ease. 
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to disrupt

to cause disorder or disturbance in something that was previously orderly or calm

Ex: The loud noise from the construction site disrupted their afternoon nap. 
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broad
broad
[Adjective]

impacting or involving a wide and diverse group of people

Ex: The candidate was a politician with broad appeal, drawing support from across the political spectrum. 
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to favor
to favor
[Verb]

to provide conditions or opportunities that help someone or something succeed

Ex: The warm weather seems to favor the crops this season. 
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to implement

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

Ex: The chef implements a new cooking technique to enhance the flavor of the dish. 
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assistance

help or support given to someone to achieve something

Ex: She asked for assistance with her homework. 
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appropriate
appropriate
[Adjective]

suitable or acceptable for a given situation or purpose

Ex: Wearing casual attire is appropriate for a picnic. 
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indication

something that serves to show, suggest, or point to a fact, condition, or situation

Ex: The dark clouds are an indication of approaching rain. 
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to point out

to present and emphasize reasons against a particular idea or suggestion

Ex: During the debate, she pointed out the inconsistencies in her opponent's argument. 
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proportion

the result obtained when one quantity considered in relation to the whole

Ex: The recipe requires a precise proportion of flour to sugar for the cake to turn out perfectly. 
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expectation

a belief about what is likely to happen in the future, often based on previous experiences or desires

Ex: Sarah had high expectations for her birthday party, but it turned out to be a small gathering with only a few friends. 
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average
average
[Adjective]

having no distinctive charactristics

Ex: His appearance was average, with nothing particularly remarkable about his features. 
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disadvantaged
disadvantaged
[Adjective]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

Ex: The disadvantaged neighborhood lacked access to quality education and healthcare. 
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background

the details about someone's family, experience, education, etc.

Ex: During the interview, they asked about my educational background. 
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impression

an opinion or feeling that one has about someone or something, particularly one formed unconsciously

Ex: Her cheerful demeanor gave me the impression that she was always happy. 
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uncertain
uncertain
[Adjective]

(of a person) showing a lack of confidence and having doubts about something

Ex: She was uncertain about which job offer to accept, as both had their advantages. 
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rewarding
rewarding
[Adjective]

(of an activity) making one feel satisfied by giving one a desirable outcome

Ex: Teaching can be a rewarding profession, as educators witness the growth of their students. 
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to acquire

to gain skills or knowledge in something

Ex: The new employee worked diligently to acquire the necessary technical skills for the job. 
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priority
priority
[noun]

something that is given or regarded as more important than others

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to attain
to attain
[Verb]

to succeed in reaching a goal, after hard work

Ex: After years of studying, she finally attained her dream of becoming a doctor. 
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meta-analysis

a study that combines and examines the results of many separate studies on the same topic to find overall patterns or conclusions

Ex: The researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 50 studies on reading habits. 
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constructivist
constructivist
[Adjective]

related to an education theory that says learners build their own understanding and knowledge through active experience, reflection, and interaction with others.

Ex: The teacher used a constructivist approach in the classroom. 
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