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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic - Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 3 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic
empirical
empirical
[Adjective]

based upon observations or experiments instead of theories or ideas

Ex: The decision was based on empirical observations rather than speculation or opinion .
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to suggest

to lead one to believe or consider that something exists or is true

Ex: The cryptic message on the note suggested that there was more to the situation than met the eye .
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minimal
minimal
[Adjective]

very small in amount or degree, often the smallest possible

Ex: He provided a minimal level of effort , just enough to complete the task .
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to assign
to assign
[Verb]

to categorize or organize something into specific groups or classifications

Ex: The researcher assigned the samples to various groups for the experiment .
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to tend
to tend
[Verb]

to be likely to develop or occur in a certain way because that is the usual pattern

Ex: In colder climates , temperatures tend to drop significantly during the winter months .
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socioeconomic
socioeconomic
[Adjective]

referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

Ex: The nonprofit organization focuses on improving socioeconomic conditions in underserved communities .
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further
further
[Adverb]

at or to a more advanced point or stage

Ex: The technology has advanced further since the initial release of the product .
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to entrench

to establish deeply and firmly, often making something difficult to change or remove

Ex: Over the years, traditional gender roles have become deeply entrenched in some societies.
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divide
divide
[noun]

a significant disagreement or separation between two groups, often causing tension or conflict

Ex: The team faced a divide over strategy choices .
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influential
influential
[Adjective]

able to have much impact on someone or something

Ex: The influential company 's marketing campaign set new trends in the industry .
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estimate
estimate
[noun]

a judgment or calculation of the size, extent, value, etc. of something without knowing the exact details or numbers

Ex: The appraiser offered an estimate of the house 's market value .
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capable
capable
[Adjective]

having the ability or capacity to do something

Ex: The software is capable of handling multiple tasks at once .
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diverse
diverse
[Adjective]

showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

Ex: The festival showcased diverse musical genres .
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flexible
flexible
[Adjective]

capable of adjusting easily to different situations, circumstances, or needs

Ex: His flexible attitude made it easy for friends to rely on him in tough times .
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peer
peer
[noun]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

Ex: Despite being new to the company , she quickly established herself as a peer to her colleagues through hard work and expertise .
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crucial
crucial
[Adjective]

extremely important or essential

Ex: Nutrition is crucial for a healthy lifestyle .
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aspect
aspect
[noun]

a specific part or side of something that is worth considering

Ex: Examining the issue from a cultural aspect helps us understand its complexities better .
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unrecognized
unrecognized
[Adjective]

not praised, appreciated, or respected for one’s achievements

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to get over

to convey or communicate a message, idea, or emotion to someone effectively

Ex: The professor strives to get over complex theories to his students in a simplified manner .
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to operate

to function in a specific way

Ex: While the repairs were ongoing , the backup generator was operating to provide electricity .
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tool
tool
[noun]

the means whereby some act is accomplished

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to possess

to have a particular quality, attribute, knowledge, or skill

Ex: The ancient artifact is said to possess mystical powers , making it highly sought after by collectors .
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cognitive
cognitive
[Adjective]

referring to mental processes involved in understanding, thinking, and remembering

Ex: Problem-solving requires cognitive skills such as critical thinking and decision-making .
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structure
structure
[noun]

a system of knowledge organized into interconnected elements

Ex: The curriculum emphasizes the structure of historical knowledge .
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to pass on

to transfer knowledge, traditions, or skills to another person or group, often to ensure they are preserved or continued

Ex: She passed the family recipes on to her daughter to ensure they wouldn't be forgotten.
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to master
to master
[Verb]

to learn to perform or use a skill or ability thoroughly and completely

Ex: The athlete mastered her routine , making it flawless in the competition .
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zeal
zeal
[noun]

a great enthusiasm directed toward achieving something

Ex: The volunteers approached their tasks with zeal, eager to make a positive impact on their community .
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freshness
freshness
[noun]

the quality or condition of being new, recently made, harvested, or experienced

Ex: The gardeners worked diligently to maintain the freshness of the flowers in the botanical garden , ensuring a vibrant display for visitors to enjoy .
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interaction

the act of communicating or working together with someone or something

Ex: The interaction between the various departments improved the overall project .
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step
step
[noun]

a stage in a process or a grade in a scale

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collaborative
collaborative
[Adjective]

involving or done by two or more parties working together toward a shared goal

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not to mention

much less

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communication

the process or activity of exchanging information or expressing feelings, thoughts, or ideas by speaking, writing, etc.

Ex: Writing letters was a common form of communication in the past .
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to flourish

to quickly grow in a successful way

Ex: The community garden flourished thanks to the dedication and hard work of its volunteers .
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at the expense of
at the expense of
[preposition]

causing a negative consequence or cost to someone or something in order to benefit another

Ex: The politician 's popularity rose , but it came at the expense of his integrity .
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bunch
bunch
[noun]

a group of people, often with something in common

Ex: She invited a bunch of classmates over for a study session .
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reluctant
reluctant
[Adjective]

not welcoming or willing to do something because it is undesirable

Ex: The dog was reluctant to enter the water , hesitating at the edge of the pool .
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lookout
lookout
[noun]

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

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to demonstrate

to explain something by providing examples, doing experiments, etc.

Ex: The environmentalist demonstrated the impact of pollution on water quality by conducting water quality tests .
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to handle
to handle
[Verb]

to deal with a situation or problem successfully

Ex: Right now , the customer service representative is handling inquiries from clients .
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to disrupt

to cause disorder or disturbance in something that was previously orderly or calm

Ex: The storm disrupted power supply to the entire neighborhood .
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broad
broad
[Adjective]

impacting or involving a wide and diverse group of people

Ex: The policy received broad approval from the public due to its inclusive benefits .
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to favor
to favor
[Verb]

to provide conditions or opportunities that help someone or something succeed

Ex: His ability to adapt quickly to challenges favors his career growth .
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to implement

to apply or utilize a device, tool, or method for a specific purpose

Ex: The researcher plans to implement a new experimental procedure to test the hypothesis .
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assistance

help or support given to someone to achieve something

Ex: Volunteers gave assistance to the refugees arriving at the camp .
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appropriate
appropriate
[Adjective]

suitable or acceptable for a given situation or purpose

Ex: The company provided appropriate resources for new employees .
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indication

something that serves to show, suggest, or point to a fact, condition, or situation

Ex: The survey results provide an indication of public opinion .
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to point out

to present and emphasize reasons against a particular idea or suggestion

Ex: As they reviewed the proposal , the committee pointed out several regulatory concerns .
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proportion

the result obtained when one quantity considered in relation to the whole

Ex: The proportion of seats allocated to each party in the election was based on the number of votes received .
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expectation

a belief about what is likely to happen in the future, often based on previous experiences or desires

Ex: Setting realistic expectations for oneself can lead to greater satisfaction and fulfillment in life .
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average
average
[Adjective]

having no distinctive charactristics

Ex: The neighborhood was average, with typical suburban homes and quiet streets .
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disadvantaged
disadvantaged
[Adjective]

(of a person or area) facing challenging circumstances, especially financially or socially

Ex: Growing up in a disadvantaged area , she faced limited opportunities for advancement .
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background

the details about someone's family, experience, education, etc.

Ex: Understanding your students ' backgrounds can help you teach them better .
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impression

an opinion or feeling that one has about someone or something, particularly one formed unconsciously

Ex: She could n't shake the impression that she had seen him somewhere before .
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uncertain
uncertain
[Adjective]

(of a person) showing a lack of confidence and having doubts about something

Ex: They felt uncertain about investing in the new venture without a detailed business plan .
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rewarding
rewarding
[Adjective]

(of an activity) making one feel satisfied by giving one a desirable outcome

Ex: Helping others in need can be rewarding, as it fosters a sense of empathy and compassion .
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to acquire

to gain skills or knowledge in something

Ex: Children naturally acquire social skills through interaction with peers and adults .
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priority
priority
[noun]

something that is given or regarded as more important than others

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to attain
to attain
[Verb]

to succeed in reaching a goal, after hard work

Ex: Through consistent training , the athlete attained a new personal best in the marathon .
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meta-analysis

a study that combines and examines the results of many separate studies on the same topic to find overall patterns or conclusions

Ex: The team used meta-analysis to check the strength of the evidence .
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constructivist
constructivist
[Adjective]

related to an education theory that says learners build their own understanding and knowledge through active experience, reflection, and interaction with others.

Ex: The lesson followed constructivist principles of discovery and discussion .
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