Cambridge IELTS 17 - Académique - Test 2 - Lecture - Passage 3 (2)

the quality of being useful or practical

showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

having the ability to last over a long period of time

nothing more than what is to be said

to assign a quality to someone or something in order to categorize them

to propose an idea or theory for discussion

original and pioneering in a certain field, often setting a new standard for others to follow

to resist or hold back from doing or saying something

to the fullest or complete degree

(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment

a goal that one wants to achieve

at or within a reasonable distance for seeing

the origin or source of a particular thing

to function in a specific way

to restrict movement or actions through restraint or confinement

happening or existing before something else

to stop supporting an idea, policy, concept, etc.

to investigate something to gain knowledge or understanding about it

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

to show that something is false or incorrect

to give a brief description of something excluding the details

an idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof

to express disapproval of someone or something by pointing out faults or weaknesses

to provide a valid reason or explanation for an action, decision, or belief, usually something that others consider wrong

an opinion or decision that is formed based on one's belief or circumstances

a person or thing that does not follow a general rule or is excluded from a class or group

someone or something considered to possess unmatched or unparalleled qualities of perfection

to desire to have or become something

acknowledgment or approval given to someone or something for their achievements, qualities, or actions

the general opinion that the public has about someone or something because of what they did in the past

a doubting or questioning attitude towards ideas, beliefs, or claims that are generally accepted

a process or state in which something becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.

to try to find a particular thing or person

to move away from one's area of interest or original path

the fact or condition of being required or unavoidable

to cause a particular reaction, feeling, or response

to make partial changes to something, usually to improve it or make it more suitable

a situation in which two things happen simultaneously by chance that is considered unusual

to reach an agreement by giving up some of what one originally wanted

an event or experience that is unfortunate, unsuccessful, or troublesome, often due to poor planning, bad judgment, or unforeseen circumstances

absolute or complete, without any admixture or qualification

the fact of accidentally experiencing or discovering something that is pleasant or valuable

to attach or fasten something to another object or surface

a songbook containing a collection of hymns

with exceptional intelligence, skill, or creativity

to a degree that exceeds expectations or standards to a significant extent

a small piece of colored paper that is sticky on one side and can be easily removed, used for leaving notes

having or showing cleverness, creativity, or skill

concealing crafty designs for advancing your own interest

lacking creativity or novelty, making it uninteresting due to its overuse or predictability

performed automatically and repetitively with little thought, feeling, or creativity

in a manner that refers to the essential aspects of something

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

improbable or unlikely to happen or be the case

to show clearly that something is false, wrong, or not as it appears

lacking experience, wisdom, or understanding about the world, often resulting in being overly trusting or easily deceived