any of the large land masses of the earth surrounded by sea such as Europe, Africa or Asia

kontynent
to have an effect on a particular person or thing

wpływać, mieć wpływ na
(of a place or atmosphere) full of excitement and energy

ożywiony, energiczny
to trace the existence or origin of something to a specific point in time

sięgać, cofać się
a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

cywilizacja, społeczeństwo
the lasting impression made by an unusual or extraordinary action that attracts attention and is remembered

ślad, piętno
magnificent in size and appearance

wspaniały, okazały
a large building that is the official home of a powerful or very important person such as a king, queen, pope, etc.

pałac, zamek
a place of worship, used by Muslims

meczet, muzułmańskie miejsce kultu
to experience or endure something, particularly a difficult or challenging situation

przejść przez, znosić
to experience a sudden and complete failure

zawalić się, upadać
to create or establish an organization or place, especially by providing the finances

założyć, ustanowić
to update or improve something

modernizować, aktualizować
a change or improvement resulting from the correction of errors, abuses, or defects

reforma, przekształcenie
the action of starting to use a certain plan, name, method, or idea

przyjęcie, adopcja
the leader of a country that has no king or queen

prezydent, głowa państwa
the group of elected representatives whose responsibility is to create, amend, and discuss laws or address political matters

parlament
the chief public representative of a country, who may or may not have executive powers, such as a president or monarch

głowa państwa, prezydent
the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

wybory
in a way that is extremely unusual or unique compared to anything else

jak nikt inny, jak żaden inny
a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water, often linking two seas or an inlet with a larger expanse of water

cieśnina, kanał
a structure or a place that is historically important

zabytek, historyczny punkt orientacyjny
the ruler of a Muslim country, especially in the former Ottoman Empire

sułtan, władca
an area with no roof that is partially or completely surrounded by walls, often forming a part of a large building

dziedziniec, podwórze
made by hand or with the use of hand tools, rather than by machine or mass production methods

ręcznie robiony, rękodzieło
(of a place) characterized by constant activity, with people moving around, interacting, and creating a sense of liveliness
in many places throughout an area

na każdym rogu, wszędzie
a remarkable natural feature or phenomenon that is extraordinary or awe-inspiring

cud natury, niezwykłe zjawisko przyrodnicze
an extremely large balloon filled with heated air, which enables it to float and travel through the sky

balon na ogrzane powietrze
a source of hot water that natrurally flows out of the ground

gorące źródło, źródło termalne
a solid and natural substance that is not produced in the body of living beings but its intake is necessary to remain healthy

minerał, substancja mineralna
a flat paved area, particularly one next to a building or restaurant, where people can sit, eat, relax, etc.

taras, balkon
causing strong admiration or shock due to beauty or impact

oszałamiający, zachwycający
to wash or clean the body by putting it in water or pouring water over it

kąpać się, myć się
the process of becoming healthy again after an injury or illness

uzdrowienie, gojenie
a specific point or location identified relative to surrounding features in an area or region

miejsce, punkt
(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

ruiny, zgliszcza
a method or style of cooking that is specific to a country or region

kuchnia
showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

różnorodny, zróżnicowany
food made with pieces of meat and vegetables roasted or grilled on fire, typically on a skewer

kebab, szaszłyk
having been cooked over direct heat, often on a grill, resulting in a charred or seared exterior

grillowany, pieczony na grillu
a small dish that is eaten before the main part of a meal

przystawka, przekąska
well-seasoned rice (with nuts or currants or minced lamb) simmered or braised in stock

gołąbki z liści winogron, dolma
something that provides great pleasure or enjoyment

przyjemność, uczta
the way that a certain type of food feels in one's mouth, whether it is hard, smooth, etc.

tekstura, konsystencja
a baked good made from dough or batter, often sweetened or filled with ingredients like fruit, nuts, or chocolate

ciasto, wypiek
a soft sweet made from jelly flavored with fruit and covered with sugar

turecka przyjemność, lokum
the customs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are inherited and preserved within a community or society over time

dziedzictwo, dziedzictwo kulturowe
strong belief in a particular god or religion

wiara, przekonanie
strong love and support expressed for a person or thing

oddanie, wierność
a building used for worshiping one or several gods, used by some religious communities, especially Buddhists and Hindus

świątynia, sanktuarium
