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Basic Sciences - Chemical Elements

Study terms for chemical elements, the periodic table, and important elemental substances used in science and industry.

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periodic table
periodic table
[Podstatné jméno]

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

periodická tabulka, periodická soustava prvků

periodická tabulka, periodická soustava prvků

Ex: The periodic table, devised by Dmitri Mendeleev, categorizes elements into rows and columns based on their properties. 
element
element
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

prvek, složka

prvek, složka

Ex: Oxygen is an essential element for human respiration. 
nitrogen
nitrogen
[Podstatné jméno]

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

dusík

dusík

oxygen
oxygen
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element in gas form with no color that living things need for breathing

kyslík, O₂

kyslík, O₂

Ex: Trees release oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct of photosynthesis. 
hydrogen
hydrogen
[Podstatné jméno]

a clean and renewable fuel that can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity to power vehicles

vodík, vodíkové palivo

vodík, vodíkové palivo

Ex: Hydrogen fuel cells convert hydrogen into electricity to power electric vehicles. 
carbon
carbon
[Podstatné jméno]

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

uhlík, uhlí

uhlík, uhlí

Ex: Graphite, used in pencils, is another allotrope of carbon. 
iron
iron
[Podstatné jméno]

a metallic chemical element with a silvery-gray appearance, widely used for making tools, steel, buildings, and various industrial products

železo, kov

železo, kov

Ex: Iron is commonly used in construction to make buildings and bridges. 
sodium
sodium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

sodík, natrium

sodík, natrium

Ex: Table salt, or sodium chloride, is a common source of sodium in the diet. 
calcium
calcium
[Podstatné jméno]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

vápník

vápník

potassium
potassium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

draslík

draslík

Ex: Bananas are a great source of potassium. 
aluminum
aluminum
[Podstatné jméno]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

hliník, hliník

hliník, hliník

Ex: The new set of aluminum cookware is both lightweight and highly resistant to corrosion, making it perfect for the kitchen. 
magnesium
magnesium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

hořčík

hořčík

Ex: Dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, and whole grains are rich sources of dietary magnesium. 
helium
helium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a colorless noble gas which is lighter than air

helium

helium

lithium
lithium
[Podstatné jméno]

a soft, silver-white metal element, characterized by its light weight and high reactivity, commonly used in rechargeable batteries

lithium

lithium

Ex: The chemist studied the properties of lithium in various chemical reactions. 
neon
neon
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a colorless, odorless, inert gas that glows red-orange when electrified and is found in tiny amounts in the air

Ex: Neon is used in glowing signs that light up city streets at night. 
ozone
ozone
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of gas present in the sky that protects the life on earth from the harmful rays of the sun

ozon, ozonová vrstva

ozon, ozonová vrstva

Ex: The ozone layer over Antarctica has been thinning due to pollution. 
silicon
silicon
[Podstatné jméno]

a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors

křemík, Si

křemík, Si

arsenic
arsenic
[Podstatné jméno]

a poisonous chemical element with properties of both metals and nonmetals that is grey in color, used in industry or as a pesticide

arsen, jedovatý chemický prvek

arsen, jedovatý chemický prvek

chlorine
chlorine
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

chlor, plynný chlor

chlor, plynný chlor

Ex: Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect drinking water. 
copper
copper
[Podstatné jméno]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

měď, červený kov

měď, červený kov

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 
fluorine
fluorine
[Podstatné jméno]

a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite

fluor, fluorin

fluor, fluorin

gold
gold
[Podstatné jméno]

a valuable yellow-colored metal that is used for making jewelry

zlato

zlato

Ex: She wore a necklace adorned with a pendant made of gold. 
iodine
iodine
[Podstatné jméno]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

jód, prvek jód

jód, prvek jód

Ex: Table salt often contains iodine as a dietary supplement. 
lead
lead
[Podstatné jméno]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

olovo, těžký kov

olovo, těžký kov

Ex: Historically, lead was commonly used in plumbing systems due to its malleability and corrosion resistance. 
cobalt
cobalt
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element with a shiny, silvery-blue appearance, often used in the production of batteries and other metals and

kobalt, chemický prvek se lesklým

kobalt, chemický prvek se lesklým

Ex: Artists employ cobalt pigments for vivid blue and green tones in paints. 
radium
radium
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a rare, silvery-white, radioactive metallic element in Group 2 of the periodic table that does not occur freely in nature

Ex: Radium was once used in luminous paints for watch dials and clocks. 
silver
silver
[Podstatné jméno]

a shiny grayish-white metal of high value that heat and electricity can move through it and is used in jewelry making, electronics, etc.

stříbro, stříbrný kov

stříbro, stříbrný kov

Ex: She wore a necklace adorned with a pendant made of silver. 
sulfur
sulfur
[Podstatné jméno]

an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)

síra, síra

síra, síra

nickel
nickel
[Podstatné jméno]

a hard, silvery, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metallic element used in alloys and plating

nikl, nikl

nikl, nikl

Ex: The coin is made primarily of nickel and copper. 
platinum
platinum
[Podstatné jméno]

a valuable silver-gray heavy metal that is highly unreactive and ductile, used in jewelry making, medicine and a range of other industries

platina, platinový

platina, platinový

Ex: The scientist studied the properties of platinum in chemical reactions. 
titanium
titanium
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a strong, lightweight, silver-gray metal that resists corrosion and is used in aircraft and medical implants

Ex: Titanium is often mixed with other metals to make strong, lightweight alloys for airplanes. 
uranium
uranium
[Podstatné jméno]

a heavy radioactive metallic element used in producing nuclear energy

uran

uran

zinc
zinc
[Podstatné jméno]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

zinek, zinkový kov

zinek, zinkový kov

Ex: Efficient wound healing is linked to the presence of zinc in the body. 
chromium
chromium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a shiny metal used for protective coatings on surfaces like kitchen appliances and car parts

chrom, chromium

chrom, chromium

Ex: Car parts are coated with chromium to resist rust and stay looking new. 
mercury
mercury
[Podstatné jméno]

a dense, silvery, toxic metal that is liquid at room temperature and can form different chemical compounds

rtuť, živé stříbro

rtuť, živé stříbro

Ex: Mercury is used in some thermometers and barometers. 
plutonium
plutonium
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a silvery-gray, radioactive metal that is made in nuclear reactors and can be split to release energy

Ex: Plutonium is produced in nuclear reactors from uranium during fission reactions. 
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