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Словарный запас для IELTS Academic (Оценка 8-9) - Культура и Обычай

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с культурой и обычаями, которые необходимы для академического экзамена IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
canon
canon
[существительное]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

канон, принцип

канон, принцип

Ex: In literature, Shakespeare's plays are often considered part of the canon, representing some of the most significant works in English literature. 
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hegemony
hegemony
[существительное]

the dominance or control exercised by one group, entity, or state over others, especially in the realms of politics, culture, or ideology

гегемония, господство

гегемония, господство

Ex: The colonial powers established hegemony over various regions, exerting control over both political and economic aspects of local societies. 
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descent
descent
[существительное]

the origin or lineage of a person in terms of family, nationality, or ancestry

происхождение, родословная

происхождение, родословная

Ex: Maria proudly traces her descent to a long line of Italian immigrants who settled in New York City in the early 20th century. 
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egalitarianism
egalitarianism
[существительное]

the belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics

эгалитаризм, эгалитаризм

эгалитаризм, эгалитаризм

Ex: Egalitarianism strives for a society where all citizens have equal access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. 
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mores
mores
[существительное]

the customs and values of a society that characterize it

нравы

нравы

Ex: The mores of a traditional society often dictate strict gender roles and expectations for behavior. 
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aesthetic
aesthetic
[существительное]

a philosophical theory or system concerning what is beautiful or artistically valuable

эстетика, эстетическое учение

эстетика, эстетическое учение

Ex: Romanticism developed its own aesthetic rooted in emotion and nature. 
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ethnocentrism
ethnocentrism
[существительное]

the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures or groups based on the standards and values of one's own, often resulting in a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group

этноцентризм, тенденция оценивать и судить другие культуры или группы

этноцентризм, тенденция оценивать и судить другие культуры или группы

Ex: Ethnocentrism can manifest in individuals who believe that their cultural practices are superior to those of other groups. 
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diaspora
diaspora
[существительное]

the dispersion or scattering of a community or ethnic group from their ancestral or original homeland

диаспора, рассеяние

диаспора, рассеяние

Ex: The African diaspora encompasses the global dispersion of people of African descent, resulting from historical events such as the transatlantic slave trade. 
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ethnography
ethnography
[существительное]

the in-depth study of people and cultures through direct observation and interaction

этнография, этнографическое исследование

этнография, этнографическое исследование

Ex: The anthropologist conducted ethnography in a remote Amazonian tribe, living with the community to document their customs and traditions. 
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acculturation
acculturation
[существительное]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

аккультурация

аккультурация

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
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counterculture
counterculture
[существительное]

a social and cultural movement that emerges in opposition to prevailing mainstream norms, values, and practices

контркультура, движение контркультуры

контркультура, движение контркультуры

Ex: The Beat Generation of the 1950s and 1960s is considered a counterculture movement, rejecting conventional norms through literature, art, and lifestyle. 
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totem
totem
[существительное]

a natural object, often an animal or plant, that is considered sacred and serves as a symbol or emblem for a particular group, clan, or family

тотем, священный символ

тотем, священный символ

Ex: The totem of the tribe, a majestic eagle, stood tall as a symbol of unity and shared ancestry. 
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mannerism
mannerism
[существительное]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

манерность

манерность

Ex: The artist's mannerism was evident in the exaggerated proportions and elongated figures present in many of his paintings. 
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conventionality
conventionality
[существительное]

conformity with accepted ideas, practices, or standards of thought and behavior

традиционность, конформизм

традиционность, конформизм

Ex: His conventionality made him popular in the traditional community. 
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credo
credo
[существительное]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

кредо, исповедание веры

кредо, исповедание веры

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
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precept
precept
[существительное]

a guiding principle, intended to provide moral guidance or a basis for behavior

заповедь

заповедь

Ex: "Honesty is the best policy" is a precept often emphasized to instill the value of truthfulness in individuals. 
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pageantry
pageantry
[существительное]

the elaborate display or ceremonial spectacle associated with public events, celebrations, or formal occasions

пышность, помпезность

пышность, помпезность

Ex: The opening ceremony of the Olympics is a dazzling display of pageantry, featuring artistic performances and the parade of participating nations. 
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animism
animism
[существительное]

the belief in spirits residing within natural elements, objects, and living beings

анимизм

анимизм

Ex: Animism is evident in cultures where natural elements, like trees or rivers, are believed to possess spiritual significance. 
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