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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 8-9) - Cultură și Obicei

Aici, vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de Cultură și Obiceiuri care sunt necesare pentru examenul academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
canon
canon
[substantiv]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

canon, reguli general acceptate

canon, reguli general acceptate

Ex: In literature, Shakespeare's plays are often considered part of the canon, representing some of the most significant works in English literature. 
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hegemony
hegemony
[substantiv]

the dominance or control exercised by one group, entity, or state over others, especially in the realms of politics, culture, or ideology

hegemonia, dominație

hegemonia, dominație

Ex: The colonial powers established hegemony over various regions, exerting control over both political and economic aspects of local societies. 
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descent
descent
[substantiv]

the origin or lineage of a person in terms of family, nationality, or ancestry

descendență, origine

descendență, origine

Ex: Maria proudly traces her descent to a long line of Italian immigrants who settled in New York City in the early 20th century. 
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egalitarianism
egalitarianism
[substantiv]

the belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics

egalitarism, egalitarismul

egalitarism, egalitarismul

Ex: Egalitarianism strives for a society where all citizens have equal access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. 
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mores
mores
[substantiv]

the customs and values of a society that characterize it

moravuri, valori

moravuri, valori

Ex: The mores of a traditional society often dictate strict gender roles and expectations for behavior. 
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aesthetic
aesthetic
[substantiv]

a philosophical theory or system concerning what is beautiful or artistically valuable

estetică, doctrină estetică

estetică, doctrină estetică

Ex: Romanticism developed its own aesthetic rooted in emotion and nature. 
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ethnocentrism
ethnocentrism
[substantiv]

the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures or groups based on the standards and values of one's own, often resulting in a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group

etnocentrism, tendința de a evalua și judeca alte culturi sau grupuri bazându-se pe standardele și valorile proprii

etnocentrism, tendința de a evalua și judeca alte culturi sau grupuri bazându-se pe standardele și valorile proprii

Ex: Ethnocentrism can manifest in individuals who believe that their cultural practices are superior to those of other groups. 
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diaspora
diaspora
[substantiv]

the dispersion or scattering of a community or ethnic group from their ancestral or original homeland

diaspora, dispersie

diaspora, dispersie

Ex: The African diaspora encompasses the global dispersion of people of African descent, resulting from historical events such as the transatlantic slave trade. 
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ethnography
ethnography
[substantiv]

the in-depth study of people and cultures through direct observation and interaction

etnografie, studiu etnografic

etnografie, studiu etnografic

Ex: The anthropologist conducted ethnography in a remote Amazonian tribe, living with the community to document their customs and traditions. 
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acculturation
acculturation
[substantiv]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

aculturație, procesul de schimb cultural și adaptare

aculturație, procesul de schimb cultural și adaptare

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
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counterculture
counterculture
[substantiv]

a social and cultural movement that emerges in opposition to prevailing mainstream norms, values, and practices

contracultură, mișcare contraculturală

contracultură, mișcare contraculturală

Ex: The Beat Generation of the 1950s and 1960s is considered a counterculture movement, rejecting conventional norms through literature, art, and lifestyle. 
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totem
totem
[substantiv]

a natural object, often an animal or plant, that is considered sacred and serves as a symbol or emblem for a particular group, clan, or family

totem, simbol sacru

totem, simbol sacru

Ex: The totem of the tribe, a majestic eagle, stood tall as a symbol of unity and shared ancestry. 
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mannerism
mannerism
[substantiv]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

manierism, particularitate

manierism, particularitate

Ex: The artist's mannerism was evident in the exaggerated proportions and elongated figures present in many of his paintings. 
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conventionality
conventionality
[substantiv]

conformity with accepted ideas, practices, or standards of thought and behavior

convenționalitate, conformism

convenționalitate, conformism

Ex: His conventionality made him popular in the traditional community. 
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credo
credo
[substantiv]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

credo, profesiune de credință

credo, profesiune de credință

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
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precept
precept
[substantiv]

a guiding principle, intended to provide moral guidance or a basis for behavior

precept, principiu călăuzitor

precept, principiu călăuzitor

Ex: "Honesty is the best policy" is a precept often emphasized to instill the value of truthfulness in individuals. 
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pageantry
pageantry
[substantiv]

the elaborate display or ceremonial spectacle associated with public events, celebrations, or formal occasions

pompă, fast

pompă, fast

Ex: The opening ceremony of the Olympics is a dazzling display of pageantry, featuring artistic performances and the parade of participating nations. 
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animism
animism
[substantiv]

the belief in spirits residing within natural elements, objects, and living beings

animism, credința în spiritele care locuiesc în elementele naturale

animism, credința în spiritele care locuiesc în elementele naturale

Ex: Animism is evident in cultures where natural elements, like trees or rivers, are believed to possess spiritual significance. 
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