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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Kultura a zvyk

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s kulturou a zvykem, která jsou nezbytná pro zkoušku Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
canon
[Podstatné jméno]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

kanon, kánon

kanon, kánon

Ex: In philosophy , the writings of Plato and Aristotle are foundational to canon of Western thought , influencing generations of thinkers and scholars .
hegemony
[Podstatné jméno]

the dominance or control exercised by one group, entity, or state over others, especially in the realms of politics, culture, or ideology

hegemonie, dominance

hegemonie, dominance

Ex: The tech industryhegemony over digital platforms has led to concerns about the concentration of power and influence in a few major corporations .
descent
[Podstatné jméno]

the origin or lineage of a person in terms of family, nationality, or ancestry

původ, linaje

původ, linaje

Ex: During the family reunion , relatives shared stories about their descent, weaving a narrative that spanned generations .
egalitarianism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics

egalitarismus, rovnostářství

egalitarismus, rovnostářství

Ex: The educational system should egalitarianism, providing every student with the same opportunities to learn and succeed .
mores
[Podstatné jméno]

the customs and values of a society that characterize it

mravy, zvyky

mravy, zvyky

Ex: Sociologists study mores of different cultures to understand the norms and values that shape human behavior .
aesthetic
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of principles underlying and guiding the work of a particular artistic movement or style

estetika, aestetický princip

estetika, aestetický princip

ethnocentrism
[Podstatné jméno]

the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures or groups based on the standards and values of one's own, often resulting in a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group

etnocentrismus, etnocentrická orientace

etnocentrismus, etnocentrická orientace

Ex: Nationalistic attitudes often ethnocentrism, with individuals viewing their own country as superior to others .
diaspora
[Podstatné jméno]

the dispersion or scattering of a community or ethnic group from their ancestral or original homeland

diaspora, rozptýlení

diaspora, rozptýlení

Ex: Born out of displacement and persecution , the diaspora attests to the resilience of Assyrian culture , maintained by communities dispersed across different continents .
ethnography
[Podstatné jméno]

the in-depth study of people and cultures through direct observation and interaction

etnografie, etnografické studium

etnografie, etnografické studium

Ex: Ethnography of an urban neighborhood revealed insights into the daily lives and social dynamics of its diverse residents.
acculturation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

akulturace, kulturní adaptace

akulturace, kulturní adaptace

Ex: Cultural festivals serve as platforms acculturation, where people from different backgrounds share and celebrate their customs .
counterculture
[Podstatné jméno]

a social and cultural movement that emerges in opposition to prevailing mainstream norms, values, and practices

protikultura, subkultura

protikultura, subkultura

Ex: The Occupy Wall Street movement in the early 2010s was a contemporary example counterculture, challenging economic inequalities and corporate influence in politics .
totem
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural object, often an animal or plant, that is considered sacred and serves as a symbol or emblem for a particular group, clan, or family

totem, totemový symbol

totem, totemový symbol

Ex: totem, a flowing river , metaphorically linked the families together , highlighting the continuous flow of life .
mannerism
[Podstatné jméno]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

manýrismus, mannerismus

manýrismus, mannerismus

Ex: In his speeches , the politician displayed mannerism of emphasizing key points with a distinctive hand gesture .
conventionality
[Podstatné jméno]

the adherence to established customs, practices, or standards that are widely accepted within a particular society, culture, or group

konvenčnost, tradičnost

konvenčnost, tradičnost

Ex: In diplomatic settings , there is conventionality in the exchange of gifts between representatives as a gesture of goodwill and diplomacy .
credo
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

kredo, přesvědčení

kredo, přesvědčení

Ex: The educatorcredo may prioritize fostering a love of learning , equity in education , and the holistic development of students .
precept
[Podstatné jméno]

a guiding principle, intended to provide moral guidance or a basis for behavior

předpis, princip

předpis, princip

Ex: The precept " Innocent until proven guilty " reflects a foundational principle in many justice systems , emphasizing the presumption of innocence .
pageantry
[Podstatné jméno]

the elaborate display or ceremonial spectacle associated with public events, celebrations, or formal occasions

velebnost, ceremoniál

velebnost, ceremoniál

Ex: Cultural festivals around the world feature pageantry, with colorful costumes , traditional dances , and cultural displays .
animism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in spirits residing within natural elements, objects, and living beings

animismus, duchovnictví

animismus, duchovnictví

Ex: animism, rocks , mountains , and other geographical features are regarded as having spiritual essence .
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