pattern

Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Kultura a Zvyk

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s kulturou a zvyky, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
canon
canon
[Podstatné jméno]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

kánon, obecně přijímaná pravidla

kánon, obecně přijímaná pravidla

Ex: In literature, Shakespeare's plays are often considered part of the canon, representing some of the most significant works in English literature. 
hegemony
hegemony
[Podstatné jméno]

the dominance or control exercised by one group, entity, or state over others, especially in the realms of politics, culture, or ideology

hegemonie, nadvláda

hegemonie, nadvláda

Ex: The colonial powers established hegemony over various regions, exerting control over both political and economic aspects of local societies. 
descent
descent
[Podstatné jméno]

the origin or lineage of a person in terms of family, nationality, or ancestry

původ, rodokmen

původ, rodokmen

Ex: Maria proudly traces her descent to a long line of Italian immigrants who settled in New York City in the early 20th century. 
egalitarianism
egalitarianism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in and advocacy for the equal rights, opportunities, and treatment of all individuals, regardless of their gender, race, social class, or other distinguishing characteristics

egalitarismus, egalitarismus

egalitarismus, egalitarismus

Ex: Egalitarianism strives for a society where all citizens have equal access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. 
mores
mores
[Podstatné jméno]

the customs and values of a society that characterize it

mravy, hodnoty

mravy, hodnoty

Ex: The mores of a traditional society often dictate strict gender roles and expectations for behavior. 
aesthetic
aesthetic
[Podstatné jméno]

a philosophical theory or system concerning what is beautiful or artistically valuable

estetika, estetická nauka

estetika, estetická nauka

Ex: Romanticism developed its own aesthetic rooted in emotion and nature. 
ethnocentrism
ethnocentrism
[Podstatné jméno]

the tendency to evaluate and judge other cultures or groups based on the standards and values of one's own, often resulting in a belief in the superiority of one's own culture or group

etnocentrismus, tendence hodnotit a soudit jiné kultury nebo skupiny na základě standardů a hodnot vlastní

etnocentrismus, tendence hodnotit a soudit jiné kultury nebo skupiny na základě standardů a hodnot vlastní

Ex: Ethnocentrism can manifest in individuals who believe that their cultural practices are superior to those of other groups. 
diaspora
diaspora
[Podstatné jméno]

the dispersion or scattering of a community or ethnic group from their ancestral or original homeland

diaspora, rozptýlení

diaspora, rozptýlení

Ex: The African diaspora encompasses the global dispersion of people of African descent, resulting from historical events such as the transatlantic slave trade. 
ethnography
ethnography
[Podstatné jméno]

the in-depth study of people and cultures through direct observation and interaction

etnografie, etnografická studie

etnografie, etnografická studie

Ex: The anthropologist conducted ethnography in a remote Amazonian tribe, living with the community to document their customs and traditions. 
acculturation
acculturation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of cultural exchange and adaptation when individuals or groups from different cultures come into contact, leading to changes in their respective cultural patterns

akulturace, proces kulturní výměny a adaptace

akulturace, proces kulturní výměny a adaptace

Ex: The immigrant community experienced acculturation as they integrated aspects of the host country's culture into their own traditions. 
counterculture
counterculture
[Podstatné jméno]

a social and cultural movement that emerges in opposition to prevailing mainstream norms, values, and practices

protikultura, protikulturní hnutí

protikultura, protikulturní hnutí

Ex: The Beat Generation of the 1950s and 1960s is considered a counterculture movement, rejecting conventional norms through literature, art, and lifestyle. 
totem
totem
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural object, often an animal or plant, that is considered sacred and serves as a symbol or emblem for a particular group, clan, or family

totem, posvátný symbol

totem, posvátný symbol

Ex: The totem of the tribe, a majestic eagle, stood tall as a symbol of unity and shared ancestry. 
mannerism
mannerism
[Podstatné jméno]

a distinctive style, behavior, or way of doing things that is characteristic of a particular individual, group, or period

manýrismus, zvláštnost

manýrismus, zvláštnost

Ex: The artist's mannerism was evident in the exaggerated proportions and elongated figures present in many of his paintings. 
conventionality
conventionality
[Podstatné jméno]

conformity with accepted ideas, practices, or standards of thought and behavior

konvenčnost, konformismus

konvenčnost, konformismus

Ex: His conventionality made him popular in the traditional community. 
credo
credo
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

credo, vyznání víry

credo, vyznání víry

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
precept
precept
[Podstatné jméno]

a guiding principle, intended to provide moral guidance or a basis for behavior

předpis, vedoucí princip

předpis, vedoucí princip

Ex: "Honesty is the best policy" is a precept often emphasized to instill the value of truthfulness in individuals. 
pageantry
pageantry
[Podstatné jméno]

the elaborate display or ceremonial spectacle associated with public events, celebrations, or formal occasions

okázalost, pompéznost

okázalost, pompéznost

Ex: The opening ceremony of the Olympics is a dazzling display of pageantry, featuring artistic performances and the parade of participating nations. 
animism
animism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief in spirits residing within natural elements, objects, and living beings

animismus, víra v duchy sídlící v přírodních prvcích

animismus, víra v duchy sídlící v přírodních prvcích

Ex: Animism is evident in cultures where natural elements, like trees or rivers, are believed to possess spiritual significance. 
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