a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number
对数
天文学家应用对数来表示星等和测量天体的亮度。
a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system
定理
学生在学习高等数学时经常会遇到各种定理。
an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering
向量, 矢量
由张紧的绳子施加的力可以在力学中表示为矢量。
(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value
函数
统计学家使用函数（如均值、中位数和标准差）分析数据以理解分布和趋势。
a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159
π, 圆周率
半圆的周长是 C = π * r，展示了 π 在几何计算中的存在。
a mathematical representation of the sum of the terms of a sequence, often denoted by the symbol Σ (sigma), where the terms are added together in a specified order
级数, 序列
交错级数检验是用来确定符号交替的级数收敛性的一个准则。
a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles
三角学, 三角学分支
三角学在物理学、工程和计算机科学等领域起着关键作用，其中理解角度和周期函数是必不可少的。
the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation
商
50和10的商是5，反映了它们除法的结果。
the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle
斜边, 直角三角形中最长的边，与直角相对
三角函数比如正弦、余弦和正切涉及直角三角形各边之间的关系，包括斜边。
a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set
间隔, 区间
像[2, 2]这样的区间只包括数字2，因为两个端点相同。
a framework of spaced lines, horizontal and vertical, used as a reference for plotting points
网格, 格子
a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order
中位数, 中间值
对于系列{20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45}，中位数是32.5，计算为30和35的平均值。
a visual representation of information or data, designed to convey complex information quickly and clearly
信息图, 信息的视觉表现
(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical
分布, 分配
概率论解释了结果的预期分布。
(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities
平均数, 算术平均数
测试结果的平均值被用来评估学生的整体成绩。
a grouping or concentration of data points in a specific region, often used in statistics and data analysis to describe a set of values that are close to each other
簇, 群集
聚类抽样涉及将总体划分为聚类并随机选择整个聚类进行分析。
a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable
直方图, 条形图
