IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7) - 数学与图表

在这里，你将学习一些与数学和图表相关的英语单词，这些单词是学术雅思考试所必需的。

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logarithm

[名词]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

对数

Ex: Astronomers apply logarithms to express stellar magnitudes and measure the brightness of celestial objects .天文学家应用**对数**来表示星等和测量天体的亮度。

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theorem

[名词]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

定理

Ex: Students often encounter various theorems while studying advanced mathematics .学生在学习高等数学时经常会遇到各种**定理**。

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vector

[名词]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

向量, 矢量

Ex: The force exerted by a tensioned rope can be represented as a vector in mechanics .由张紧的绳子施加的力可以在力学中表示为**矢量**。

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function

[名词]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

函数

Ex: Statisticians analyze data using functions such as mean , median , and standard deviation to understand distributions and trends .统计学家使用**函数**（如均值、中位数和标准差）分析数据以理解分布和趋势。

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[名词]

a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159

π, 圆周率

Ex: The circumference of a semicircle is C = π * r , showcasing the presence of pi in geometric calculations .半圆的周长是 C = π * r，展示了 **π** 在几何计算中的存在。

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series

[名词]

a mathematical representation of the sum of the terms of a sequence, often denoted by the symbol Σ (sigma), where the terms are added together in a specified order

级数, 序列

Ex: The alternating series test is a criterion used to determine the convergence of series with alternating signs .交错**级数**检验是用来确定符号交替的级数收敛性的一个准则。

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trigonometry

[名词]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

三角学, 三角学分支

Ex: Trigonometry plays a key role in fields such as physics , engineering , and computer science , where understanding angles and periodic functions is essential .**三角学**在物理学、工程和计算机科学等领域起着关键作用，其中理解角度和周期函数是必不可少的。

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quotient

[名词]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

商

Ex: The quotient of 50 and 10 is 5 , reflecting the result of their division .50和10的**商**是5，反映了它们除法的结果。

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hypotenuse

[名词]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

斜边, 直角三角形中最长的边，与直角相对

Ex: Trigonometric ratios like sine , cosine , and tangent involve the relationship between the sides of a right triangle , including the hypotenuse.三角函数比如正弦、余弦和正切涉及直角三角形各边之间的关系，包括**斜边**。

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interval

[名词]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

间隔, 区间

Ex: An interval like [ 2 , 2 ] includes only the number 2 , as both endpoints are the same .像[2, 2]这样的**区间**只包括数字2，因为两个端点相同。

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grid

[名词]

a framework of spaced lines, horizontal and vertical, used as a reference for plotting points

网格, 格子

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median

[名词]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

中位数, 中间值

Ex: For the series { 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 40 , 45 } , the median is 32.5 , calculated as the average of 30 and 35 .对于系列{20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45}，**中位数**是32.5，计算为30和35的平均值。

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mode

[名词]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

众数, 模态值

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infographic

[名词]

a visual representation of information or data, designed to convey complex information quickly and clearly

信息图, 信息的视觉表现

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distribution

[名词]

(statistics) the way statistical data are arranged that shows the frequency in which the values of a variable are repeated

分布, 分配

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mean

[名词]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

平均数, 算术平均数

Ex: The mean of the test results was used to assess overall student achievement .测试结果的**平均值**被用来评估学生的整体成绩。

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cluster

[名词]

a grouping or concentration of data points in a specific region, often used in statistics and data analysis to describe a set of values that are close to each other

簇, 群集

Ex: Cluster sampling involves dividing a population into clusters and randomly selecting entire clusters for analysis .**聚类**抽样涉及将总体划分为聚类并随机选择整个聚类进行分析。

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histogram

[名词]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

直方图, 条形图

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sector

[名词]

a portion of a circle, defined by an arc and the two radii that connect the arc's endpoints to the circle's center

扇形, 部分

Ex: The agricultural field was divided into sectors for planting different crops , each with its own irrigation system .农田被划分为**扇区**以种植不同的作物，每个扇区都有自己的灌溉系统。

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ratio

[名词]

(mathematics) the result of the division of two mathematical expressions

比率, 比例

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IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7)

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IELTS学术词汇 (分数6-7) - 数学与图表