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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア6-7) - 数学とグラフ

ここでは、アカデミックIELTS試験に必要な数学とグラフに関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
logarithm
logarithm
[名詞]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

対数

対数

Ex: In the logarithm log₂(8) = 3, the base 2 raised to the power of 3 equals 8. 
theorem
theorem
[名詞]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

定理

定理

Ex: Mathematicians often prove theorems to establish mathematical truths. 
vector
vector
[名詞]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

ベクトル, ベクトル

ベクトル, ベクトル

Ex: In physics, force is often represented as a vector, considering both its magnitude and direction. 
function
function
[名詞]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

関数

関数

Ex: In calculus, a function represents a relationship between input and output variables, often denoted as f(x). 
pi
pi
[名詞]

a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159

パイ, 円周率

パイ, 円周率

Ex: Trigonometric functions involving angles in radians often yield results containing multiples of pi. 
series
series
[名詞]

a mathematical representation of the sum of the terms of a sequence, often denoted by the symbol Σ (sigma), where the terms are added together in a specified order

級数, 数列

級数, 数列

Ex: The arithmetic series 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 has a common difference of 2 between consecutive terms. 
trigonometry
trigonometry
[名詞]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

三角法, 三角法の分野

三角法, 三角法の分野

Ex: In trigonometry, the sine function (sin) relates the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle. 
quotient
quotient
[名詞]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

商

Ex: In the division problem 12 ÷ 4, the quotient is 3. 
hypotenuse
hypotenuse
[名詞]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

斜辺, 直角三角形の最も長い辺で、直角の対辺

斜辺, 直角三角形の最も長い辺で、直角の対辺

Ex: In a right-angled triangle with legs of length 3 and 4 units, the hypotenuse can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as √(3² + 4²) = 5. 
interval
interval
[名詞]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

間隔, 区間

間隔, 区間

Ex: The interval (a, b), where a and b are real numbers, represents all numbers between a and b but excludes the endpoints. 
grid
grid
[名詞]

a framework of spaced lines, horizontal and vertical, used as a reference for plotting points

グリッド, 格子

グリッド, 格子

median
median
[名詞]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

中央値, 中位数

中央値, 中位数

Ex: In the set {2, 5, 8, 10, 12}, the median is 8, as it is the middle value when arranged in ascending order. 
mode
mode
[名詞]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

最頻値, モード値

最頻値, モード値

infographic
infographic
[名詞]

a visual representation of information or data, designed to convey complex information quickly and clearly

インフォグラフィック, 情報の視覚的表現

インフォグラフィック, 情報の視覚的表現

distribution
distribution
[名詞]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

分布, 配布

分布, 配布

Ex: The histogram shows the distribution of exam scores. 
mean
mean
[名詞]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

平均, 算術平均

平均, 算術平均

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
cluster
cluster
[名詞]

a grouping or concentration of data points in a specific region, often used in statistics and data analysis to describe a set of values that are close to each other

クラスター, 集団

クラスター, 集団

Ex: In a scatter plot, a cluster of data points close to each other may indicate a strong correlation between the variables. 
histogram
histogram
[名詞]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

ヒストグラム, 棒グラフ

ヒストグラム, 棒グラフ

sector
sector
[名詞]

a portion of a circle, defined by an arc and the two radii that connect the arc's endpoints to the circle's center

セクター, 部分

セクター, 部分

Ex: In a pizza, each slice represents a sector of the circular pizza, defined by the central angle and the radii. 
ratio
ratio
[名詞]

the result of dividing one number, quantity, or expression by another

比率, 比

比率, 比

Ex: The ratio of 10 to 2 is 5. 
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