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Ordförråd för IELTS Academic (Poäng 6-7) - Matematik och Grafer

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till matematik och grafer som är nödvändiga för det akademiska IELTS-provet.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
logarithm
logarithm
[Substantiv]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

logaritm

logaritm

Ex: Calculating the logarithm is an essential step in determining the pH level in chemistry. 

Att beräkna logaritmen är ett viktigt steg för att bestämma pH-nivån i kemi.

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theorem
theorem
[Substantiv]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

teorem

teorem

Ex: A theorem typically requires a rigorous proof to be considered valid. 

Ett teorem kräver vanligtvis ett rigoröst bevis för att anses giltigt.

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vector
vector
[Substantiv]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

vektor, vektor

vektor, vektor

Ex: Wind velocity is a vector quantity, accounting for both the speed and direction of the wind. 

Vindhastighet är en vektorstorhet, som tar hänsyn till både vindens hastighet och riktning.

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function
function
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

funktion

funktion

Ex: In calculus, a function represents a relationship between input and output variables. 
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pi
pi
[Substantiv]

a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159

pi, talet pi

pi, talet pi

Ex: In geometry, the area of a sector of a circle is determined by the formula A = 0.5 r² θ, where θ is the angle in radians, often involving pi. 

Inom geometri bestäms arean av en sektor av en cirkel av formeln A = 0.5 r² θ, där θ är vinkeln i radianer, ofta inbegripet pi.

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series
series
[Substantiv]

a mathematical representation of the sum of the terms of a sequence, often denoted by the symbol Σ (sigma), where the terms are added together in a specified order

serie, följd

serie, följd

Ex: The telescoping series 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 simplifies when consecutive terms cancel each other, resulting in convergence. 

Den teleskopiska serien 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 förenklas när på varandra följande termer tar ut varandra, vilket resulterar i konvergens.

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trigonometry
trigonometry
[Substantiv]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

trigonometri, trigonometrin

trigonometri, trigonometrin

Ex: In navigation, trigonometry is crucial for calculating distances and angles, especially in celestial navigation using stars and planets. 

Inom navigation är trigonometri avgörande för att beräkna avstånd och vinklar, särskilt inom himmelsk navigation med hjälp av stjärnor och planeter.

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quotient
quotient
[Substantiv]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

kvot

kvot

Ex: The quotient of the numerator 8 and denominator 2 in the fraction 8/2 is 4. 

Kvoten av täljaren 8 och nämnaren 2 i bråket 8/2 är 4.

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hypotenuse
hypotenuse
[Substantiv]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

hypotenusa, den längsta sidan i en rätvinklig triangel

hypotenusa, den längsta sidan i en rätvinklig triangel

Ex: The hypotenuse is the longest side in a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle. 

Hypotenusan är den längsta sidan i en rätvinklig triangel, mittemot den räta vinkeln.

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interval
interval
[Substantiv]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

intervall, mellanrum

intervall, mellanrum

Ex: The solution lies within the interval from 2 to 5. 
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grid
grid
[Substantiv]

a network of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical lines used to locate, measure, or plot positions

rutnät,  raster

rutnät, raster

Ex: The designer placed the text according to a rectangular grid. 
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median
median
[Substantiv]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

median, mittvärde

median, mittvärde

Ex: If a dataset is {4, 7, 9, 10}, the median is the average of 7 and 9, which is 8. 

Om en datamängd är {4, 7, 9, 10}, så är medianen genomsnittet av 7 och 9, vilket är 8.

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mode
mode
[Substantiv]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

typvärde, modalvärde

typvärde, modalvärde

Ex: Students calculated the mean, median, and mode of the results. 
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infographic
infographic
[Substantiv]

a visual representation of information or data, designed to convey complex information quickly and clearly

infografik, visuell representation av information

infografik, visuell representation av information

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distribution
distribution
[Substantiv]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

fördelning, distribution

fördelning, distribution

Ex: The data follow a roughly normal distribution. 
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mean
mean
[Substantiv]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medelvärde, aritmetiskt medelvärde

medelvärde, aritmetiskt medelvärde

Ex: The mean of the five scores was 82. 
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cluster
cluster
[Substantiv]

a group of similar things or people that are close together

Ex: The telescope revealed a bright cluster of stars. 
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histogram
histogram
[Substantiv]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

histogram, stapeldiagram

histogram, stapeldiagram

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sector
sector
[Substantiv]

a portion of a circle, defined by an arc and the two radii that connect the arc's endpoints to the circle's center

sektor, del

sektor, del

Ex: Each slice of the diagram represents a sector of the circle. 
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ratio
ratio
[Substantiv]

the result of dividing one number, quantity, or expression by another

förhållande, kvot

förhållande, kvot

Ex: The ratio of 12 to 4 is 3. 
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