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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Matemáticas y Gráficos

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con las matemáticas y los gráficos que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
logarithm
logarithm
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

logaritmo

logaritmo

Ex: Engineers often apply logarithms in signal processing for efficient data representation. 

Los ingenieros a menudo aplican los logaritmos en el procesamiento de señales para una representación eficiente de los datos.

theorem
theorem
[Sustantivo]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

teorema

teorema

Ex: The Pythagorean theorem is a well-known principle in geometry. 

El teorema de Pitágoras es un principio bien conocido en geometría.

vector
vector
[Sustantivo]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

vector, vector

vector, vector

Ex: Acceleration, a vector in kinematics, represents the rate of change of velocity over time. 

La aceleración, un vector en cinemática, representa la tasa de cambio de la velocidad con el tiempo.

function
function
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

función

función

Ex: Engineers use mathematical functions to model and predict the behavior of physical systems. 

Los ingenieros usan funciones matemáticas para modelar y predecir el comportamiento de los sistemas físicos.

pi
pi
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159

pi, número pi

pi, número pi

Ex: The Riemann zeta function involves pi in its value at even integers, such as ζ(2)  = π²/6. 

La función zeta de Riemann involucra pi en su valor para enteros pares, como ζ(2) = π²/6.

series
series
[Sustantivo]

a mathematical representation of the sum of the terms of a sequence, often denoted by the symbol Σ (sigma), where the terms are added together in a specified order

serie, sucesión

serie, sucesión

Ex: The geometric series 2 + 6 + 18 + 54 represents a sequence where each term is obtained by multiplying the previous one by 3. 

La serie geométrica 2 + 6 + 18 + 54 representa una secuencia donde cada término se obtiene multiplicando el anterior por 3.

trigonometry
trigonometry
[Sustantivo]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

trigonometría

trigonometría

Ex: The Pythagorean identity, a fundamental relation in trigonometry, states that sin²θ + cos²θ = 1. 

La identidad de Pitágoras, una relación fundamental en trigonometría, establece que sin²θ + cos²θ = 1.

quotient
quotient
[Sustantivo]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

cociente

cociente

Ex: When dividing 15 by 3, the quotient is 5. 

Al dividir 15 entre 3, el cociente es 5.

hypotenuse
hypotenuse
[Sustantivo]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

hipotenusa

hipotenusa

Ex: A ladder leaning against a wall forms a right triangle, with the hypotenuse representing the ladder's length. 

Una escalera apoyada contra una pared forma un triángulo rectángulo, con la hipotenusa representando la longitud de la escalera.

interval
interval
[Sustantivo]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

intervalo, rango

intervalo, rango

Ex: A half-open interval (e, f], where e and f are real numbers, includes all numbers greater than e and less than or equal to f. 

Un intervalo semiabierto (e, f], donde e y f son números reales, incluye todos los números mayores que e y menores o iguales que f.

grid
grid
[Sustantivo]

a framework of spaced lines, horizontal and vertical, used as a reference for plotting points

cuadrícula, rejilla

cuadrícula, rejilla

median
median
[Sustantivo]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

mediana, valor mediano

mediana, valor mediano

Ex: In a list of exam scores {85, 90, 92, 78, 95}, the median is 90, the middle score when ordered. 

En una lista de calificaciones de exámenes {85, 90, 92, 78, 95}, la mediana es 90, la calificación del medio cuando están ordenadas.

mode
mode
[Sustantivo]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

moda, valor modal

moda, valor modal

infographic
infographic
[Sustantivo]

a visual representation of information or data, designed to convey complex information quickly and clearly

infografía, representación visual de información

infografía, representación visual de información

distribution
distribution
[Sustantivo]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

distribución, reparto

distribución, reparto

Ex: The normal distribution is a key concept in statistics. 

La distribución normal es un concepto clave en estadística.

mean
mean
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

medio

medio

Ex: In the data set {2, 4, 6, 8}, the mean is 5. 

En el conjunto de datos {2, 4, 6, 8}, la media es 5.

cluster
cluster
[Sustantivo]

a group of similar things or people that are close together

Ex: A cluster of people gathered around the entrance. 
histogram
histogram
[Sustantivo]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

histograma

histograma

sector
sector
[Sustantivo]

a portion of a circle, defined by an arc and the two radii that connect the arc's endpoints to the circle's center

sector, porción

sector, porción

Ex: When measuring angles in radians, a sector can be defined by the central angle and the length of the arc it subtends. 

Al medir ángulos en radianes, un sector puede definirse por el ángulo central y la longitud del arco que subtiende.

ratio
ratio
[Sustantivo]

the result of dividing one number, quantity, or expression by another

proporción

proporción

Ex: The recipe uses a sugar-to-flour ratio of 1:2. 

La receta utiliza una proporción de azúcar a harina de 1:2.

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