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Vocabulário para IELTS Academic (Pontuação 6-7) - Matemática e Gráficos

Aqui, você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à Matemática e Gráficos que são necessárias para o exame acadêmico do IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
logarithm
logarithm
[substantivo]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

logaritmo

logaritmo

Ex: Astronomers apply logarithms to express stellar magnitudes and measure the brightness of celestial objects. 

Os astrónomos aplicam logaritmos para expressar magnitudes estelares e medir o brilho de objetos celestes.

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theorem
theorem
[substantivo]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

teorema

teorema

Ex: Students often encounter various theorems while studying advanced mathematics. 

Os alunos frequentemente encontram vários teoremas ao estudar matemática avançada.

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vector
vector
[substantivo]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

vetor, vetor

vetor, vetor

Ex: The force exerted by a tensioned rope can be represented as a vector in mechanics. 

A força exercida por uma corda tensionada pode ser representada como um vetor na mecânica.

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function
function
[substantivo]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

função

função

Ex: Engineers use mathematical functions to model and predict the behavior of physical systems. 
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pi
pi
[substantivo]

a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159

pi, número pi

pi, número pi

Ex: The circumference of a semicircle is C = π * r, showcasing the presence of pi in geometric calculations. 

A circunferência de um semicírculo é C = π * r, mostrando a presença de pi nos cálculos geométricos.

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series
series
[substantivo]

a mathematical representation of the sum of the terms of a sequence, often denoted by the symbol Σ (sigma), where the terms are added together in a specified order

série, sequência

série, sequência

Ex: The alternating series test is a criterion used to determine the convergence of series with alternating signs. 

O teste da série alternada é um critério usado para determinar a convergência de séries com sinais alternados.

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trigonometry
trigonometry
[substantivo]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

trigonometria, a trigonometria

trigonometria, a trigonometria

Ex: Trigonometry plays a key role in fields such as physics, engineering, and computer science, where understanding angles and periodic functions is essential. 

A trigonometria desempenha um papel fundamental em áreas como física, engenharia e ciência da computação, onde a compreensão de ângulos e funções periódicas é essencial.

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quotient
quotient
[substantivo]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

quociente

quociente

Ex: The quotient of 50 and 10 is 5, reflecting the result of their division. 

O quociente de 50 e 10 é 5, refletindo o resultado da sua divisão.

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hypotenuse
hypotenuse
[substantivo]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

hipotenusa, o lado mais longo de um triângulo retângulo

hipotenusa, o lado mais longo de um triângulo retângulo

Ex: Trigonometric ratios like sine, cosine, and tangent involve the relationship between the sides of a right triangle, including the hypotenuse. 

As razões trigonométricas como seno, cosseno e tangente envolvem a relação entre os lados de um triângulo retângulo, incluindo a hipotenusa.

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interval
interval
[substantivo]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

intervalo, espaço

intervalo, espaço

Ex: A half-open interval (e, f], where e and f are real numbers, includes all numbers greater than e and less than or equal to f. 
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grid
grid
[substantivo]

a network of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical lines used to locate, measure, or plot positions

grade,  grelha

grade, grelha

Ex: Sarah divided the page into squares using a simple grid. 
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median
median
[substantivo]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

mediana, valor mediano

mediana, valor mediano

Ex: For the series {20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45}, the median is 32.5, calculated as the average of 30 and 35. 

Para a série {20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45}, a mediana é 32.5, calculada como a média de 30 e 35.

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mode
mode
[substantivo]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

moda, valor modal

moda, valor modal

Ex: There is no mode if every value appears only once. 
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infographic
infographic
[substantivo]

a visual representation of information or data, designed to convey complex information quickly and clearly

infográfico, representação visual de informação

infográfico, representação visual de informação

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distribution
distribution
[substantivo]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

distribuição, repartição

distribuição, repartição

Ex: The normal distribution is a key concept in statistics. 
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mean
mean
[substantivo]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

média, média aritmética

média, média aritmética

Ex: In the data set {2, 4, 6, 8}, the mean is 5. 
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cluster
cluster
[substantivo]

a group of similar things or people that are close together

Ex: A small cluster of restaurants has opened near the station. 
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histogram
histogram
[substantivo]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

histograma, diagrama de barras

histograma, diagrama de barras

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sector
sector
[substantivo]

a portion of a circle, defined by an arc and the two radii that connect the arc's endpoints to the circle's center

setor, porção

setor, porção

Ex: When measuring angles in radians, a sector can be defined by the central angle and the length of the arc it subtends. 
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ratio
ratio
[substantivo]

the result of dividing one number, quantity, or expression by another

razão, proporção

razão, proporção

Ex: The recipe uses a sugar-to-flour ratio of 1:2. 
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