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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - Matematika a Grafy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s matematikou a grafy, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
logarithm
logarithm
[Podstatné jméno]

a mathematical function that represents the exponent to which a fixed number, called the base, must be raised to produce a given number

logaritmus

logaritmus

Ex: In the logarithm log₂(8) = 3, the base 2 raised to the power of 3 equals 8. 
theorem
theorem
[Podstatné jméno]

a statement or proposition that has been proven to be true based on previously established axioms, definitions, and other theorems within a particular mathematical or logical system

věta

věta

Ex: Mathematicians often prove theorems to establish mathematical truths. 
vector
vector
[Podstatné jméno]

an ordered set of numbers that describes both magnitude and direction, commonly used to represent quantities like displacement, velocity, or force in physics and engineering

vektor, vektor

vektor, vektor

Ex: In physics, force is often represented as a vector, considering both its magnitude and direction. 
function
function
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) a quantity whose value changes according to another quantity's varying value

funkce

funkce

Ex: In calculus, a function represents a relationship between input and output variables, often denoted as f(x). 
pi
pi
[Podstatné jméno]

a mathematical constant representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159

pí, číslo pí

pí, číslo pí

Ex: Trigonometric functions involving angles in radians often yield results containing multiples of pi. 
series
series
[Podstatné jméno]

a mathematical representation of the sum of the terms of a sequence, often denoted by the symbol Σ (sigma), where the terms are added together in a specified order

řada, posloupnost

řada, posloupnost

Ex: The arithmetic series 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 has a common difference of 2 between consecutive terms. 
trigonometry
trigonometry
[Podstatné jméno]

a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the angles and sides of triangles

trigonometrie, obor trigonometrie

trigonometrie, obor trigonometrie

Ex: In trigonometry, the sine function (sin) relates the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle. 
quotient
quotient
[Podstatné jméno]

the result obtained by dividing one quantity or number by another, expressed as the outcome of a division operation

podíl

podíl

Ex: In the division problem 12 ÷ 4, the quotient is 3. 
hypotenuse
hypotenuse
[Podstatné jméno]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

přepona, nejdelší strana pravoúhlého trojúhelníku

přepona, nejdelší strana pravoúhlého trojúhelníku

Ex: In a right-angled triangle with legs of length 3 and 4 units, the hypotenuse can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as √(3² + 4²) = 5. 
interval
interval
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of real numbers that includes all the numbers between any two specified numbers within the set

interval, mezera

interval, mezera

Ex: The interval (a, b), where a and b are real numbers, represents all numbers between a and b but excludes the endpoints. 
grid
grid
[Podstatné jméno]

a framework of spaced lines, horizontal and vertical, used as a reference for plotting points

mřížka, síť

mřížka, síť

median
median
[Podstatné jméno]

a statistical measure that represents the middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in ascending or descending order

medián, střední hodnota

medián, střední hodnota

Ex: In the set {2, 5, 8, 10, 12}, the median is 8, as it is the middle value when arranged in ascending order. 
mode
mode
[Podstatné jméno]

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

modus, modální hodnota

modus, modální hodnota

infographic
infographic
[Podstatné jméno]

a visual representation of information or data, designed to convey complex information quickly and clearly

infografika, vizuální reprezentace informací

infografika, vizuální reprezentace informací

distribution
distribution
[Podstatné jméno]

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing how often each occurs, either observed or theoretical

rozdělení, distribuce

rozdělení, distribuce

Ex: The histogram shows the distribution of exam scores. 
mean
mean
[Podstatné jméno]

(mathematics) the average value of a set of quantities calculated by adding them, and dividing them by the total number of the quantities

průměr, aritmetický průměr

průměr, aritmetický průměr

Ex: To find the mean of 4, 6, and 8, add them together and divide by 3. 
cluster
cluster
[Podstatné jméno]

a grouping or concentration of data points in a specific region, often used in statistics and data analysis to describe a set of values that are close to each other

shluk, shromáždění

shluk, shromáždění

Ex: In a scatter plot, a cluster of data points close to each other may indicate a strong correlation between the variables. 
histogram
histogram
[Podstatné jméno]

a diagram consisting of bars with different heights that represent the amount of a variable

histogram, sloupcový graf

histogram, sloupcový graf

sector
sector
[Podstatné jméno]

a portion of a circle, defined by an arc and the two radii that connect the arc's endpoints to the circle's center

sektor, část

sektor, část

Ex: In a pizza, each slice represents a sector of the circular pizza, defined by the central angle and the radii. 
ratio
ratio
[Podstatné jméno]

the result of dividing one number, quantity, or expression by another

poměr, podíl

poměr, podíl

Ex: The ratio of 10 to 2 is 5. 
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