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SAT自然科学 - Physics

在这里,您将学习一些与物理相关的英语单词,例如“sonar”、“prism”、“diffuse”等,这些都是您在 SAT 考试中取得优异成绩所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
amplitude

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

振幅

振幅

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acoustic

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

声学的

声学的

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sonar

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

声纳

声纳

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prism

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

棱镜

棱镜

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infrared

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

红外线

红外线

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ultraviolet

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

紫外线 (名词)

紫外线 (名词)

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fluorescence

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

荧光

荧光

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spectrometer

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

光谱仪

光谱仪

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photon

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

光子

光子

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to refract

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

折射

折射

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diffraction

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

衍射

衍射

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transmittance

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

透射率

透射率

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molar absorptivity

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

摩尔吸收率

摩尔吸收率

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absorption spectrum

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

吸收光谱

吸收光谱

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thermodynamics

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

热力学

热力学

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thermostat

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

温控器

温控器

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calorimeter

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

量热计

量热计

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thermometer

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

温度计

温度计

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microchip

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

微芯片

微芯片

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wavelength

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

波长

波长

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relativity

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

相对性

相对性

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antimatter

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

反物质

反物质

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congelation

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

凝结

凝结

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to solidify

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

固化

固化

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to liquefy

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

液化

液化

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subatomic

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

亚原子

亚原子

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neutrino

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

中微子

中微子

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nanoscale

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

纳米尺度

纳米尺度

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metrology

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

计量学

计量学

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biophysicist

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

生物物理学家

生物物理学家

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diffuse

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

扩散的

扩散的

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spent fuel

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

spent fuel

spent fuel

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pressure gradient

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

压力梯度

压力梯度

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wave number

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

波数

波数

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boson

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

玻色子

玻色子

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collider

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

对撞机

对撞机

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dipole

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

偶极子

偶极子

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lepton

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

轻子

轻子

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