自然科学SAT - Physics

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

振幅

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

声学的

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

声纳

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

棱镜

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

红外线

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

紫外线 (名词), 紫外辐射

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

荧光

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

光谱仪

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

光子

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

折射, 偏折

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

衍射

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

透射率, 透过率系数

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

摩尔吸收率, 摩尔吸光度

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

吸收光谱, 吸收谱

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

热力学

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

温控器, 温度调节器

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

量热计

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

温度计

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

微芯片, 芯片

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

波长

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

相对性

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

反物质

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

凝结, 冻结

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

固化, 凝固

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

液化, 使液体化

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

亚原子, 次原子

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

中微子

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

纳米尺度, 纳米级

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

计量学

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

生物物理学家, 生物物理学

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

扩散的, 散射的

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

spent fuel, 使用过的核燃料

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

压力梯度, 压力变化率

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

波数, 波浪数量

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

玻色子

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

对撞机, 粒子对撞机

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

偶极子, 偶极天线

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

轻子, 轻子粒子