(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position
振幅, 幅度
在量子力学中，波函数的振幅描述了在某一位置或状态找到粒子的概率。
relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things
声学的, 与声学有关的
声学技术的进步提高了声纳系统的准确性。
a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater
声纳, 声学探测
军用潜艇使用先进的声纳系统来探测敌方船只和水下地雷。
a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light
棱镜, 多面晶体
艺术家和摄影师使用棱镜通过折射光线并在他们的作品中产生独特的图案和颜色来创造艺术效果。
electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing
红外线, 红外辐射
工程师和科学家使用红外光谱根据其独特的红外特征分析化学成分和分子结构。
a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications
紫外线, 紫外线辐射
天文学家使用能探测紫外线辐射的望远镜研究恒星和星系。
the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation
荧光, 发光
法医科学家使用荧光在紫外光下检测犯罪现场的血迹或其他证据。
a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths
光谱仪
医学研究人员在光谱技术中使用光谱仪来诊断疾病和监测细胞中的生化过程。
a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties
光子, 光量子
光纤通信依赖于通过光脉冲传输数据，每个脉冲代表一串光子。
(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something
折射, 使偏转
the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves
衍射, 波的衍射
衍射效应在摄影中常见，影响通过镜头捕捉的图像的清晰度。
the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium
透射率, 传输
科学家使用分光光度计来量化液体和气体在不同光波长下的透射率，用于分析目的。
a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength
摩尔吸光系数, 摩尔吸收率
a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength
吸收光谱, 吸收谱
医学诊断利用组织的吸收光谱，根据光吸收模式检测异常和疾病。
the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy
热力学
在化学工程中，研究热力学对于理解和优化涉及能量变化的化学过程至关重要。
an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.
恒温器
安装数字恒温器可以通过提供更精确的温度控制来帮助降低加热和冷却成本。
a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium
热量计, 热量测量装置
生物学家使用热量计通过监测各种活动中的热量产生来测量生物体的代谢率。
a tool designed to measure the temperature of the surrounding air or environment
温度计, 环境温度计
一个红外温度计让技术员能够无接触地记录表面温度。
a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit
微芯片, 芯片
新的微芯片设计承诺更快的处理速度。
the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave
波长, 一个波的长度
声波的波长影响声音的音调，波长越短，音调越高。
a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time
相对论
水星的轨道证实了广义相对论的准确性。
(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter
反物质, 反粒子物质
反物质推进是一种理论概念，未来可能使航天器以接近光速的速度飞行。
the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature
冻结, 凝固
在冬季，凝固会导致管道冻结和爆裂，因为水在固化时会膨胀。
to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form
固化, 变硬
巧克力冷却时开始凝固。
to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid
液化, 融化
冰块在你手的温暖中液化。
relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles
亚原子的, 次原子的
强核力和弱核力是亚原子力，支配着原子核内的相互作用。
a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter
中微子, 中微子粒子
科学家研究中微子以了解更多关于宇宙基本性质的信息。
extremely small, typically between 1 and 100 billionths of a meter, where materials show unique properties
纳米级的, 在纳米尺度上
纳米级传感器足够灵敏，可以检测单个分子。
the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques
计量学, 测量科学
计量学确保杂货店中重量和测量的准确性。
a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels
生物物理学家, 生物物理学领域的科学家
在生物技术中，生物物理学家开发了用于基因编辑和操纵生物系统的创新技术。
describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows
漫射的, 扩散的
在雾天，路灯常常产生一种漫射光，均匀地透过雾气扩散。
used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor
乏燃料, 使用过的核燃料
the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction
压力梯度, 压力变化
the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance
波数, 空间频率
量子力学使用波数来描述波动现象中粒子的动量。
a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles
玻色子, 整数自旋粒子
与费米子不同，玻色子具有整数值的自旋，并且不遵循泡利不相容原理。
a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces
对撞机, 粒子对撞机
对撞机的研究人员进行实验以测试有关暗物质和暗能量性质的理论。
a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives
偶极子, 偶极天线
偶极子天线因其简单和高效在业余无线电中很受欢迎。
a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos
轻子, 具有半整数自旋的基本粒子
实验研究，如高能物理学中的研究，旨在探索轻子的性质和相互作用。
