自然科学 SAT - 物理

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

振幅 (物理学)

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

音響

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

ソナー

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

プリズム

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

赤外線

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

紫外線

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

蛍光

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

分光計

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

光子

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

屈折する

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

障害物に当たったときの光の反射

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

透過率

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

モル吸光係数

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

吸収スペクトル

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

熱力学

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

サーモスタット

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

熱量計

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

寒暖計

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

マイクロチップ

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

波長

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

相対性理論

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

反物質

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

凝結

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

固まる

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

溶かす

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

亜原子

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

ニュートリノ

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

非常に小さい

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

計測学

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

生物物理学者

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

拡散する

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

使用済み燃料

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

圧力勾配

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

波数

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

ボソン

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

クライダー

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

双極子

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

レプトン