Khoa Học Tự Nhiên SAT - Physics

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

biên độ

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

âm học

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

sonar

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

lăng kính

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

hồng ngoại

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

tia cực tím (danh từ), bức xạ cực tím

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

phát quang

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

quang phổ kế

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

photon

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

khúc xạ, gợn sóng

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

khúc xạ

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

sự truyền qua, hệ số truyền qua

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

hệ số hấp thụ mol, hấp thụ molar

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

spectrumm hấp thụ, spectrum hấp thụ điện từ

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

nhiệt động lực học

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

nhiệt kế, thiết bị điều chỉnh nhiệt độ

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

kalorimet

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

nhiệt kế

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

vi mạch, chip

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

chiều dài sóng

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

tính tương đối

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

vật chất phản

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

đông lại, đống đặc

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

lắng đọng, cứng lại

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

làm lỏng, biến thành lỏng

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

hạ nguyên tử, dưới nguyên tử

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

neutrino

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

quy mô nano, tính chất nano

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

metrology

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

giáo sư sinh lý, sinh lý học

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

khuyếch tán, tán xạ

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

nhiên liệu đã sử dụng, nhiên liệu hạt nhân đã qua sử dụng

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

độ dốc áp suất, thay đổi áp suất

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

số sóng, số lượng sóng

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

boson

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

va chạm, máy tăng tốc hạt

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

mô hình dipole, antenna dipole

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

lepton, hạt lepton