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Khoa Học Tự Nhiên SAT - Physics

Ở đây bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến vật lý, như "sonar", "lăng kính", "khuếch tán", v.v., mà bạn sẽ cần để vượt qua kỳ thi SAT của mình.

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Bắt đầu học
SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
amplitude
amplitude
[Danh từ]

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

biên độ, độ lớn

biên độ, độ lớn

Ex: In physics, amplitude refers to the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position. 
acoustic
acoustic
[Tính từ]

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

âm học, liên quan đến âm học

âm học, liên quan đến âm học

Ex: The researchers conducted acoustic experiments to understand how sound waves travel through different materials. 
sonar
sonar
[Danh từ]

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

sonar, phát hiện âm thanh

sonar, phát hiện âm thanh

Ex: The submarine navigates using sonar to map the ocean floor and detect potential obstacles. 
prism
prism
[Danh từ]

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

lăng kính, tinh thể mặt

lăng kính, tinh thể mặt

Ex: The light passing through the prism refracted into a spectrum of colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. 
infrared
infrared
[Danh từ]

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

hồng ngoại, bức xạ hồng ngoại

hồng ngoại, bức xạ hồng ngoại

Ex: The infrared emitted by warm objects can be detected by specialized cameras to create thermal images. 
ultraviolet
ultraviolet
[Danh từ]

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

tia cực tím, bức xạ cực tím

tia cực tím, bức xạ cực tím

Ex: Protect your skin from ultraviolet rays by wearing sunscreen. 
fluorescence
fluorescence
[Danh từ]

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

huỳnh quang, phát quang

huỳnh quang, phát quang

Ex: Fluorescence is commonly seen in certain minerals that emit a glowing light under ultraviolet (UV) light. 
spectrometer
spectrometer
[Danh từ]

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

máy quang phổ

máy quang phổ

Ex: The scientist used a spectrometer to analyze the composition of the unknown substance based on its light absorption. 
photon
photon
[Danh từ]

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

photon, lượng tử ánh sáng

photon, lượng tử ánh sáng

Ex: Photons are the quanta of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, radio waves, and X-rays. 
to refract
to refract
[Động từ]

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

khúc xạ, làm lệch hướng

khúc xạ, làm lệch hướng

diffraction
diffraction
[Danh từ]

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

nhiễu xạ, nhiễu xạ sóng

nhiễu xạ, nhiễu xạ sóng

Ex: Diffraction of light produces patterns of alternating dark and bright regions when it encounters a narrow slit or passes through an obstacle. 
transmittance
transmittance
[Danh từ]

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

độ truyền qua, sự truyền

độ truyền qua, sự truyền

Ex: The transmittance of the glass allowed most of the sunlight to pass through into the room. 
molar absorptivity

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

độ hấp thụ phân tử, hệ số hấp thụ phân tử

độ hấp thụ phân tử, hệ số hấp thụ phân tử

absorption spectrum

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

phổ hấp thụ, quang phổ hấp thu

phổ hấp thụ, quang phổ hấp thu

Ex: Scientists use an absorption spectrum to identify chemical elements and compounds by analyzing the specific wavelengths of light they absorb. 
thermodynamics
thermodynamics
[Danh từ]

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

nhiệt động lực học

nhiệt động lực học

Ex: The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another. 
thermostat
thermostat
[Danh từ]

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

bộ điều nhiệt

bộ điều nhiệt

Ex: The thermostat regulates the temperature in the house, ensuring comfort and energy efficiency. 
calorimeter
calorimeter
[Danh từ]

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

nhiệt lượng kế, thiết bị đo nhiệt

nhiệt lượng kế, thiết bị đo nhiệt

Ex: Chemists use a calorimeter to determine the heat of combustion of a substance by measuring the temperature change in water surrounding a reaction vessel. 
thermometer
thermometer
[Danh từ]

a tool designed to measure the temperature of the surrounding air or environment

nhiệt kế, nhiệt kế môi trường

nhiệt kế, nhiệt kế môi trường

Ex: The meteorologist placed the thermometer in the shaded shelter to get an accurate air temperature reading. 
microchip
microchip
[Danh từ]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

vi mạch, chip

vi mạch, chip

Ex: The computer’s performance improved after upgrading its microchip. 
wavelength
wavelength
[Danh từ]

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

bước sóng, độ dài của sóng

bước sóng, độ dài của sóng

Ex: In physics, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks (or troughs) of a wave. 
relativity
relativity
[Danh từ]

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

thuyết tương đối

thuyết tương đối

Ex: Relativity explains why GPS satellites must adjust their clocks for Earth's gravity. 
antimatter
antimatter
[Danh từ]

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

phản vật chất, vật chất phản

phản vật chất, vật chất phản

Ex: Antimatter is composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as their corresponding particles but opposite electric charge. 
congelation
congelation
[Danh từ]

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

sự đông lạnh, sự đông cứng

sự đông lạnh, sự đông cứng

Ex: The congelation of water into ice occurs when temperatures drop below freezing point. 
to solidify
to solidify
[Động từ]

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

đông đặc, làm đông đặc

đông đặc, làm đông đặc

Ex: As the temperature dropped, the melted wax began to solidify, forming candles with a smooth surface. 
to liquefy
to liquefy
[Động từ]

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

hóa lỏng, tan chảy

hóa lỏng, tan chảy

Ex: As the temperature rose, the snow on the ground started to liquefy. 
subatomic
subatomic
[Tính từ]

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

hạ nguyên tử, dưới nguyên tử

hạ nguyên tử, dưới nguyên tử

Ex: Subatomic particles interact through fundamental forces, such as electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces. 
neutrino
neutrino
[Danh từ]

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

neutrino, hạt neutrino

neutrino, hạt neutrino

Ex: Neutrinos are subatomic particles with very little mass. 
nanoscale
nanoscale
[Tính từ]

extremely small, typically between 1 and 100 billionths of a meter, where materials show unique properties

nanomet, ở quy mô nanomet

nanomet, ở quy mô nanomet

Ex: The nanoscale structure of materials can change how they conduct electricity. 
metrology
metrology
[Danh từ]

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

đo lường học, khoa học đo lường

đo lường học, khoa học đo lường

Ex: Metrology laboratories test and certify measuring instruments. 
biophysicist
biophysicist
[Danh từ]

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

nhà vật lý sinh học, nhà khoa học về vật lý sinh học

nhà vật lý sinh học, nhà khoa học về vật lý sinh học

Ex: The biophysicist used computational modeling to simulate protein folding dynamics in cells. 
diffuse
diffuse
[Tính từ]

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

khuếch tán, phân tán

khuếch tán, phân tán

Ex: The room was softly lit with diffuse light from the ceiling fixture. 
spent fuel
spent fuel
[Danh từ]

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

nhiên liệu đã qua sử dụng, nhiên liệu hạt nhân đã sử dụng

nhiên liệu đã qua sử dụng, nhiên liệu hạt nhân đã sử dụng

pressure gradient

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

gradient áp suất, sự thay đổi áp suất

gradient áp suất, sự thay đổi áp suất

wave number
wave number
[Danh từ]

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

số sóng, tần số không gian

số sóng, tần số không gian

Ex: The wave number of a light wave in vacuum is calculated as the inverse of its wavelength. 
boson
boson
[Danh từ]

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

boson, hạt có spin nguyên

boson, hạt có spin nguyên

Ex: Photons, particles of light, are examples of bosons that carry the electromagnetic force. 
collider
collider
[Danh từ]

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

máy va chạm, máy gia tốc hạt va chạm trực diện

máy va chạm, máy gia tốc hạt va chạm trực diện

Ex: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful collider, used to explore particle physics. 
dipole
dipole
[Danh từ]

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

lưỡng cực, ăng ten lưỡng cực

lưỡng cực, ăng ten lưỡng cực

Ex: The radio station uses a dipole antenna to broadcast signals over a wide area. 
lepton
lepton
[Danh từ]

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

lepton, hạt cơ bản có spin bán nguyên

lepton, hạt cơ bản có spin bán nguyên

Ex: Leptons are elementary particles that include electrons, muons, tau particles, and their associated neutrinos. 
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