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Přírodní Vědy SAT - Physics

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s fyzikou, jako je „sonar“, „prism“, „diffuse“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
amplitude
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

amplituda, amplitudová vzdálenost

amplituda, amplitudová vzdálenost

Ex: In quantum mechanics , amplitude of a wave function describes the probability of finding a particle in a certain position or state .
acoustic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

akustický, zvukový

akustický, zvukový

Ex: Advances acoustic technology have improved the accuracy of sonar systems .
sonar
[Podstatné jméno]

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

sonar, sonární technologie

sonar, sonární technologie

Ex: Military submarines use advanced sonar systems for detecting enemy vessels and underwater mines.
prism
[Podstatné jméno]

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

prizma, terasová krychle

prizma, terasová krychle

Ex: Artists and photographers prisms to create artistic effects by refracting light and producing unique patterns and colors in their work .
infrared
[Podstatné jméno]

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

infračervené záření, infračervená radiace

infračervené záření, infračervená radiace

Ex: Engineers and scientists use infrared spectroscopy to analyze chemical compositions and molecular structures based on their unique infrared signatures.
ultraviolet
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

ultrafialový, ultrafialové záření

ultrafialový, ultrafialové záření

Ex: Astronomers study stars and galaxies using telescopes that detect ultraviolet radiation.
fluorescence
[Podstatné jméno]

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

fluorescence, fluorescencí

fluorescence, fluorescencí

Ex: Forensic scientists fluorescence to detect traces of blood or other evidence at crime scenes under UV light .
spectrometer
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

spektrometr, spektromet

spektrometr, spektromet

Ex: Medical researchers spectrometers in spectroscopy techniques to diagnose diseases and monitor biochemical processes in cells .
photon
[Podstatné jméno]

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

foton, kvant světla

foton, kvant světla

Ex: Fiber optic communication relies on the transmission of data through pulses of light , with each pulse representing a stream photons.
to refract
[sloveso]

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

refraktovat, lomu

refraktovat, lomu

diffraction
[Podstatné jméno]

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

difrakce, ohyb

difrakce, ohyb

Ex: Diffraction effects are commonly observed in photography , influencing the sharpness of images captured through lenses .
transmittance
[Podstatné jméno]

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

průhlednost, přenosnost

průhlednost, přenosnost

Ex: Scientists use spectrophotometers to quantify transmittance of liquids and gases at different wavelengths of light for analytical purposes .
molar absorptivity
[Podstatné jméno]

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

molar absorpční koeficient, molarni absorpční schopnost

molar absorpční koeficient, molarni absorpční schopnost

absorption spectrum
[Podstatné jméno]

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

absorpční spektrum, spektrum absorpce

absorpční spektrum, spektrum absorpce

Ex: Medical diagnostics employ the absorption spectra of tissues to detect abnormalities and diseases based on light absorption patterns.
thermodynamics
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

termodynamika, teorie tepla

termodynamika, teorie tepla

Ex: The study thermodynamics is essential in chemical engineering to understand and optimize chemical processes involving energy changes .
thermostat
[Podstatné jméno]

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

termostat, regulátor teploty

termostat, regulátor teploty

Ex: Installing a thermostat can help reduce heating and cooling costs by providing more accurate temperature control .
calorimeter
[Podstatné jméno]

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

kalorimetr, teploměr na měření tepla

kalorimetr, teploměr na měření tepla

Ex: Biologists calorimeters to measure the metabolic rate of organisms by monitoring heat production during various activities .
thermometer
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

teploměr, termoskop

teploměr, termoskop

microchip
[Podstatné jméno]

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

mikročip, mikroobvod

mikročip, mikroobvod

Ex: The microchip design promises faster processing speeds .
wavelength
[Podstatné jméno]

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

délka vlny, vlnová délka

délka vlny, vlnová délka

Ex: The wavelength of sound waves affects the pitch of the sound , with wavelengths producing higher pitches .
relativity
[Podstatné jméno]

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

relativita, teorie relativity

relativita, teorie relativity

antimatter
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimateriál, antihmota

antimateriál, antihmota

Ex: Antimatter propulsion is a theoretical concept that could potentially enable spacecraft to travel at near-light speeds in the future.
congelation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

zmrznutí, zmrazení

zmrznutí, zmrazení

Ex: During wintercongelation can cause pipes to freeze and burst due to the expansion of water as it solidifies .
to solidify
[sloveso]

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

ztuhnout, ztvrdnout

ztuhnout, ztvrdnout

Ex: The chocolate starts solidify as it cools down .
to liquefy
[sloveso]

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

zkapalnit, liquefikovat

zkapalnit, liquefikovat

Ex: The liquefy in the warmth of your hand .
subatomic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

subatomární, subatomový

subatomární, subatomový

Ex: The strong and weak nuclear forces subatomic forces that govern interactions within atomic nuclei .
neutrino
[Podstatné jméno]

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

neutrino, neutrin

neutrino, neutrin

Ex: Scientists neutrinos to learn more about the universe 's fundamental properties .
nanoscale
[Přídavné jméno]

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

nanoskopický, nano-

nanoskopický, nano-

metrology
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

metrologie, měřičství

metrologie, měřičství

Ex: Metrology ensures the accuracy of weights and measures in grocery stores .
biophysicist
[Podstatné jméno]

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

biofyzička, biofyziolog

biofyzička, biofyziolog

Ex: In biotechnologybiophysicists develop innovative techniques for gene editing and manipulating biological systems .
diffuse
[Přídavné jméno]

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

rozptýlený, difuzní

rozptýlený, difuzní

Ex: In foggy weather , streetlights often produce diffuse light that spreads evenly through the mist .
spent fuel
[Podstatné jméno]

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

vyhořelé palivo, použité jaderné palivo

vyhořelé palivo, použité jaderné palivo

pressure gradient
[Podstatné jméno]

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

tlakový gradient, gradient tlaku

tlakový gradient, gradient tlaku

wave number
[Podstatné jméno]

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

vlnové číslo, vlnová délka na jednotkovou vzdálenost

vlnové číslo, vlnová délka na jednotkovou vzdálenost

Ex: Quantum mechanics wave numbers to describe the momentum of particles in wave-like phenomena .
boson
[Podstatné jméno]

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

boson, častice s celým spinem

boson, častice s celým spinem

Ex: Unlike fermionsbosons have integer values of spin and do not follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle .
collider
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

kolider, srážeč částic

kolider, srážeč částic

Ex: Researchers at collider work on experiments to test theories about the nature of dark matter and dark energy .
dipole
[Podstatné jméno]

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

dipól, dipólová anténa

dipól, dipólová anténa

Ex: Dipole antennas are popular in amateur radio due to their simplicity and efficiency.
lepton
[Podstatné jméno]

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

lepton, elementární částice

lepton, elementární částice

Ex: Experimental studies , such as those in high-energy physics , aim to probe the properties and interactions leptons.
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