Přírodní Vědy SAT - Physics

(physics) the maximum distance a vibrating material, sound wave, etc. such as a pendulum travels from its first position

amplituda

relating to the science of studying sounds or the way people hear things

akustický

a technology that uses sound waves to detect objects underwater or measure distances underwater

sonar

a solid geometric shape, typically with a triangular base and rectangular sides, that refracts light into its component colors or alters the path of light

hranol

electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light, used for applications such as thermal imaging and remote sensing

infračervený

a type of electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelengths than visible light, often associated with sunlight and used in various applications

ultrafialové (podstatné jméno), ultrafialové záření

the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

fluorescence

a scientific instrument used to measure and analyze the properties of light over a specific range of wavelengths

spektrometr

a fundamental particle of light that carries electromagnetic energy and exhibits both particle-like and wave-like properties

foton

(of physics) to change the direction of light, sound, or energy when it passes through something

lámání, refrakce

the bending, spreading, and interference of waves as they encounter obstacles or pass through narrow openings, often observed in the behavior of light, sound, or other waves

difrakce

the fraction or percentage of light or electromagnetic radiation that passes through a substance or medium

propustnost, koeficient propustnosti

a measure of how strongly a substance absorbs light at a particular wavelength

molekulární absorptivita, molar absorptivita

a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance, typically represented as a graph showing absorption intensity versus wavelength

absorpční spektrum, spectrum absorpce

the branch of physical science that deals with the relationships between heat, work, and energy, particularly the principles governing the conversion of various forms of energy

termodynamika

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

termostat, regulátor teploty

a device used to measure the heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change, typically by measuring temperature changes in a surrounding medium

kalorimetr

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air

teploměr

a small piece of material that is a semiconductor, used to make an integrated circuit

mikročip, čip

the distance between a point on a wave of energy and a similar point on the next wave

vlnová délka

a theory that explains the relationship between motion, space, and time

relativita

(physics) matter consisting of elementary particles that are the antiparticles of those of regular matter

antimateriál

the process of solidification or freezing, typically of a liquid or a substance turning into a solid state due to a decrease in temperature

kongelace, ztuhnutí

to transform from a liquid or flexible state into a stable, firm, or compact form

ztuhnout, zpevnít

to change from a solid state and become fluid or liquid

zkapalnit, liquefikovat

relating to particles or forces that exist within atoms, including particles smaller than atoms themselves or the interactions between these particles

subatomární, podatomární

a very small, electrically neutral particle that rarely interacts with matter

neutrino

extremely small size, typically on the scale of nanometers, which is a billionth of a meter

nanoskalní, nanometrový

the scientific study of measurement, including the development of measurement standards and techniques

metrologie

a scientist who applies principles and methods of physics to study biological systems and phenomena, aiming to understand life processes at the molecular and cellular levels

biofyzik, biofyzika

describing light that spreads evenly from a broad source or surface, creating soft illumination without harsh shadows

difúzní, rozptýlený

used nuclear fuel that is no longer efficient for producing energy in a reactor

použité palivo, vyhořelé palivo

the rate at which pressure changes over a certain distance in a particular direction

tlakový gradient, změna tlaku

the spatial frequency of a wave, representing the number of wavelengths per unit distance

vlnové číslo, číslo vlny

a tiny particle with whole-number spin, such as photons or the Higgs boson, often associated with carrying fundamental forces or giving mass to other particles

bozon

a type of particle accelerator where two opposing beams of particles are directed to collide with each other at high speeds, allowing scientists to study fundamental particles and forces

kolider, částicový kolider

a simple type of antenna made of two metal rods, connected in the middle, that is half the wavelength of the signal it transmits or receives

dipól, dipólová anténa

a fundamental particle with half-integer spin, including electrons and their heavier counterparts, as well as neutrinos

lepton, leptonová částice