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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic - Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

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Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic
to surrender

to give up resistance or stop fighting against an enemy or opponent

Ex: Faced with overwhelming forces, the army decided to surrender to avoid further bloodshed. 
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in addition
in addition
[Adverb]

used to introduce further information

Ex: We need to buy milk, bread, and eggs. In addition, we should pick up some fruit for snacks. 
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retaliation

the act of taking revenge or responding to an injury or wrongdoing with a similar action

Ex: The company faced retaliation after firing the employee. 
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state
state
[Adjective]

provided or controlled by the government

Ex: The state schools are funded by the government. 
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to resort
to resort
[Verb]

to turn to or use something as a solution or means of help, especially as a last option

Ex: When negotiations failed, they had to resort to legal action to resolve the dispute. 
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wartime
wartime
[noun]

a period during which an open war is underway

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to employ
to employ
[Verb]

to give work to someone and pay them

Ex: Are you planning to employ any interns this summer? 
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to serve
to serve
[Verb]

to be employed or work as a member of the military or armed forces

Ex: He decided to serve in the army after graduating from high school. 
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to prepare

to make a person or thing ready for doing something

Ex: He prepares his outfit the night before to save time in the morning. 
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harbor
harbor
[noun]

a sheltered area of water along the coast where ships, boats, and other vessels can anchor safely, typically protected from rough seas by natural or artificial barriers

Ex: The ships docked in the harbor to avoid the storm approaching from the open sea. 
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in return
in return
[Adverb]

as a response or exchange for something given or received

Ex: She helped me with the project, and I gave her some advice in return. 
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to boost
to boost
[Verb]

to increase or improve the progress, growth, or success of something

Ex: Regular exercise can boost your overall health and well-being. 
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maneuverable
maneuverable
[Adjective]

capable of being easily moved or directed

Ex: The small boat was highly maneuverable in the narrow canals. 
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highly
highly
[Adverb]

in a favorable or approving manner

Ex: He was highly regarded by his peers for his honesty and leadership. 
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Portuguese

a person from Portugal or of Portuguese descent

Ex: He is a Portuguese living in the United States. 
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record
record
[noun]

an item that provides lasting evidence or information about past events, actions, or conditions

Ex: The diary served as a personal record of her daily life and thoughts. 
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named
named
[Adjective]

specifically mentioned or identified by name

Ex: The named witnesses in the case were called to testify. 
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rule
rule
[noun]

the period during which a monarch, leader, or government has control or authority over a country or territory

Ex: The rule of the king lasted for over four decades. 
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extract
extract
[noun]

a short portion or segment taken from a larger work, such as a book, speech, or document

Ex: The book includes an extract from the author's early writings. 
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diplomatic
diplomatic
[Adjective]

related to the work of keeping or creating friendly relationships between countries

Ex: Diplomatic efforts are underway to resolve the conflict peacefully. 
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correspondence

written communication exchanged between people, typically through letters or emails

Ex: The correspondence between the two authors revealed their deep mutual respect and admiration. 
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ally
ally
[noun]

someone who helps or supports someone else in certain activities or against someone else

Ex: She found a reliable ally in her coworker, who always supported her ideas during meetings. 
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pressing
pressing
[Adjective]

requiring immediate attention due to something's urgency or importance

Ex: We must address the pressing issue of climate change to ensure the planet's future. 
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to trouble

to create problems for someone, resulting in hardship

Ex: The financial crisis troubled many families, causing stress and uncertainty. 
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distinct
distinct
[Adjective]

separate and different in a way that is easily recognized

Ex: The twins may look similar, but they have distinct personalities that set them apart. 
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despite
despite
[preposition]

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

Ex: The business thrived despite the economic downturn. 
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substantial
substantial
[Adjective]

significant in amount or degree

Ex: The company made a substantial investment in upgrading its infrastructure. 
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disruption

an action that causes a delay or interruption in the ongoing continuity of an activity or process

Ex: The power outage caused a major disruption in our work schedule. 
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regional
regional
[Adjective]

involving a particular region or geographic area

Ex: Regional conflicts can arise over territorial disputes or resource allocation. 
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commerce
commerce
[noun]

the act of buying and selling goods and services, particularly between countries

Ex: International commerce plays a vital role in global economic development, facilitating trade between nations. 
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Cyprus
Cyprus
[noun]

an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, known for its rich history, ancient ruins, and a mix of Greek and Turkish cultural influences

Ex: Cyprus is famous for its beautiful beaches and warm climate. 
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to reject
to reject
[Verb]

to refuse to accept a proposal, idea, person, etc.

Ex: He rejected the first draft of the report, asking for major revisions. 
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claim
claim
[noun]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

Ex: His claim that he had seen a UFO was met with skepticism. 
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to base
to base
[Verb]

to situate or establish as a central location for operations, activities, or planning

Ex: The company decided to base its regional headquarters in the bustling city for better accessibility. 
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modern-day
modern-day
[Adjective]

of or belonging to the present time

Ex: Modern-day technology has changed how people communicate. 
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to assure
to assure
[Verb]

to make someone feel confident or certain about someone or something

Ex: The company assured its customers of the product's quality 
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to punish
to punish
[Verb]

to cause someone suffering for breaking the law or having done something they should not have

Ex: The court decided to punish the thief with a prison sentence for stealing. 
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subject
subject
[noun]

a person who is under the rule or authority of a monarch, government, or leader

Ex: The king's subjects admired him for his wisdom. 
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Greek
Greek
[Adjective]

belonging or relating to Greece, its people, or its language

Ex: Greek cuisine is well-known for its fresh and flavorful dishes. 
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world
world
[noun]

a specific historical, cultural, or social domain, often referring to a particular period or civilization

Ex: The ancient world had very different social structures and technologies. 
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Egyptian
Egyptian
[Adjective]

belonging or relating to Egypt, or its people

Ex: He is studying Egyptian hieroglyphs for his history project. 
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ruler
ruler
[noun]

a person who controls or leads a country, territory, or group of people

Ex: The ruler of the kingdom made decisions that affected all its citizens. 
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aspect
aspect
[noun]

a specific part or side of something that is worth considering

Ex: From a historical aspect, the building holds great significance in the city. 
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warfare
warfare
[noun]

involvement in war, particularly using certain methods or weapons

Ex: Modern warfare often involves advanced technology and cyber attacks, alongside traditional combat. 
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interestingly

in a way that arouses one's curiosity or attention

Ex: Interestingly, the ancient civilization had advanced knowledge of astronomy, as revealed by their complex calendar systems. 
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work
work
[noun]

a painting, piece of music or book that is produced by a painter, musician, or writer

Ex: Each work in the artist's collection tells a unique story. 
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the Iliad
the Iliad
[noun]

an ancient Greek epic poem by Homer that tells the story of the Trojan War

Ex: The Iliad is studied in schools for its depiction of heroism and the consequences of rage. 
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the Odyssey

an ancient Greek epic poem telling the story of Odysseus' long and adventurous journey home after the Trojan War

Ex: In the Odyssey, Odysseus faces many challenges, including encounters with mythical creatures. 
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to condone

to accept or forgive something that is commonly believed to be wrong

Ex: The company's failure to address employee misconduct might be seen as condoning unethical practices in the workplace. 
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to praise
to praise
[Verb]

to express admiration or approval toward something or someone

Ex: The teacher praised the student for their outstanding performance on the challenging assignment. 
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following
following
[Adjective]

coming immediately after a person or thing in time, place, or rank

Ex: The following paragraph provides additional information about the topic. 
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historian
historian
[noun]

someone who studies or records historical events

Ex: The historian spent years researching ancient Roman battles. 
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for instance
for instance
[Adverb]

used to introduce an example of something mentioned

Ex: There are many beautiful places to visit in Italy, for instance, Rome, Venice, and Florence. 
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glorified
glorified
[Adjective]

given an exaggerated or excessively favorable view, often elevating something to a higher status than it deserves

Ex: The glorified image of the hero in the movie did not reflect the true events. 
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daring
daring
[Adjective]

brave enough to take risks and do dangerous things

Ex: She climbed the steep mountain cliff with daring determination. 
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everyday life

the normal and routine activities and experiences that happen each day to people

Ex: Cooking dinner and commuting to work are parts of everyday life for many people. 
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high-ranking
high-ranking
[Adjective]

having a senior, important, or authoritative position within a particular hierarchy or organization

Ex: He was a high-ranking officer in the military, overseeing multiple units. 
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to engage
to engage
[Verb]

to take part in or become involved with something actively

Ex: Students should engage in class discussions to enhance their learning. 
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according to
according to
[preposition]

in regard to what someone has said or written

Ex: According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 
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orator
orator
[noun]

a person who is skilled at public speaking, especially one who delivers speeches in a formal or persuasive manner

Ex: The orator captivated the audience with his powerful speech. 
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Aathenian
Aathenian
[Adjective]

relating to Athens, its people, or its culture, especially in ancient Greece

Ex: The Athenian democracy was a significant development in ancient political systems. 
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ambassador

a senior official whose job is living in a foreign country and representing their own country

Ex: The ambassador hosted a reception at the embassy to strengthen diplomatic relations between the two nations. 
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detour
detour
[noun]

a change or diversion from the planned path, often due to unexpected obstacles or circumstances

Ex: A detour added an hour to our travel time. 
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to capture

to seize or get control of something by force

Ex: The army captured the fortress after a long battle. 
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wealth
wealth
[noun]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

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on-board
on-board
[Adjective]

located or provided on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle

Ex: The on-board doctor checked passengers throughout the flight. 
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liberal
liberal
[Adjective]

related to or characteristic of a political ideology that emphasizes individual freedoms, equality, and government intervention for social welfare and economic opportunity

Ex: His liberal views prioritize tolerance, diversity, and progressive social change. 
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approach
approach
[noun]

a way of doing something or dealing with a problem

Ex: The teacher's approach to discipline focuses on positive reinforcement. 
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to tolerate

to not oppose or prohibit something one does not like or agree with

Ex: The principal explained that the school would not tolerate bullying in any form, emphasizing a zero-tolerance policy. 
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to curtail

to place limits or boundaries on something to reduce its scope or size

Ex: Rising costs have led many companies to curtail benefits and perks for employees in recent years. 
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