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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 8-9) - Government

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s vládou, která jsou nezbytná pro akademickou zkoušku IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
inaugural
inaugural
[Podstatné jméno]

the speech delivered by a newly elected President of the United States at their swearing-in ceremony, articulating their plans for their term in office

inaugurační projev, nástupní projev

inaugurační projev, nástupní projev

Ex: The President delivered a compelling inaugural, outlining the administration's key priorities and vision for the nation. 
inauguration
inauguration
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inaugurace

inaugurace

Ex: The inauguration of the new president was attended by thousands of spectators gathered on the National Mall. 
crony capitalism
crony capitalism
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic system where success in business is determined by close relationships between businesspeople and government officials, rather than market competition

kamarátský kapitalismus, přátelský kapitalismus

kamarátský kapitalismus, přátelský kapitalismus

Ex: Crony capitalism refers to a system where businesses thrive not based on their merit, but on their close relationships with government officials and politicians. 
demagogue
demagogue
[Podstatné jméno]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog, agitátor

demagog, agitátor

Ex: The demagogue stirred up emotions and exploited fears to gain support for his political agenda. 
spin doctor
spin doctor
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or group of people who are often employed by politicians, public figures, or the government in order to shape the public opinion in their favor

mediální manipulátor, odborník na překrucování dojmu

mediální manipulátor, odborník na překrucování dojmu

Ex: The minister hired a spin doctor to make the scandal look less serious. 
municipality
municipality
[Podstatné jméno]

the governing body of a town or city

obec, městská rada

obec, městská rada

Ex: The municipality approved a budget for road repairs. 
confederation
confederation
[Podstatné jméno]

a union or league of political entities or organizations, often for common purposes

konfederace, spolek

konfederace, spolek

Ex: The confederation of states agreed to share resources. 
entente
entente
[Podstatné jméno]

an understanding or agreement between nations, often informal and less binding than a formal alliance

dohoda

dohoda

Ex: The neighboring countries entered into a diplomatic entente to peacefully resolve border disputes and promote regional stability. 
kleptocracy
kleptocracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government in which corrupt leaders use their power to exploit the country's resources for personal gain

kleptokracie, vládou zlodějů

kleptokracie, vládou zlodějů

Ex: A kleptocracy is a government system where corrupt leaders use their power to exploit the resources and wealth of a country for personal gain. 
sovereignty
sovereignty
[Podstatné jméno]

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

suverenita, nejvyšší autorita

suverenita, nejvyšší autorita

Ex: The nation asserted its sovereignty by establishing its own laws and governance structure independent of foreign influence. 
to ratify
to ratify
[sloveso]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratifikovat, oficiálně schválit

ratifikovat, oficiálně schválit

Ex: The members of the parliament convened to ratify the newly proposed constitution for the country. 
to inaugurate
to inaugurate
[sloveso]

to officially start or introduce something

zahájit, spustit

zahájit, spustit

Ex: The president will inaugurate a new economic policy aimed at boosting employment. 
to prorogue
to prorogue
[sloveso]

to suspend a legislative session by executive authority without dissolving the assembly

odročit, přerušit

odročit, přerušit

Ex: The monarch prorogued Parliament until the new session. 
to devolve on
to devolve on
[sloveso]

to transfer or delegate responsibility, authority, or a specific matter to a particular individual, group, or entity

převést, delegovat

převést, delegovat

Ex: In times of crisis, emergency response responsibilities often devolve on specialized agencies equipped to handle the situation. 
to levy
to levy
[sloveso]

to enforce a type of payment, such as fees, taxes, or fines and collect them

uložit, vymáhat

uložit, vymáhat

Ex: The HOA levied $50 fines on homeowners who didn't shovel their sidewalks during the snowstorm. 
veto
veto
[Podstatné jméno]

the authority or right to forbid or reject an action, often by a head of state or executive

veto, právo veta

veto, právo veta

Ex: The president has the constitutional veto over bills passed by Congress. 
to subsidize
to subsidize
[sloveso]

to provide financial support, typically from the government or an organization, to help reduce the cost of goods, services, or certain activities

dotovat, financovat

dotovat, financovat

Ex: The government decided to subsidize the cost of public transportation to encourage its use. 
oligarchy
oligarchy
[Podstatné jméno]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchie, vláda malé skupiny

oligarchie, vláda malé skupiny

Ex: An oligarchy is a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or families. 
plutocracy
plutocracy
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government or society in which power is held and influenced primarily by the wealthy or a small privileged class

plutokracie, vláda bohatých

plutokracie, vláda bohatých

Ex: Critics argue that the country's political system has evolved into a plutocracy, where economic elites wield disproportionate influence over government policies. 
to decentralize

to transfer decision-making or administrative power from a central authority to local or regional entities

decentralizovat, přenést rozhodovací pravomoci

decentralizovat, přenést rozhodovací pravomoci

Ex: The company decided to decentralize its operations, allowing regional offices to make independent decisions tailored to local market conditions. 
to federalize
to federalize
[sloveso]

to place under the authority or jurisdiction of a federal government

zfederalizovat, podřídit jurisdikci federální vlády

zfederalizovat, podřídit jurisdikci federální vlády

Ex: The national government federalized the railway system. 
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