Akademicki IELTS (Pasmo 8 i Wyżej) - Government

the speech delivered by a newly elected President of the United States at their swearing-in ceremony, articulating their plans for their term in office

inauguracyjny, mowa inauguracyjna

a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

inauguracja, uroczystość inauguracji

an economic system where success in business is determined by close relationships between businesspeople and government officials, rather than market competition

kapitalizm koleżeński, kapitalizm nepotyzmu

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

demagog

a person or group of people who are often employed by politicians, public figures, or the government in order to shape the public opinion in their favor

spin doctor, doradca ds. wizerunku

a political and administrative division having local self-government, typically responsible for governing a specific urban area, town, or city and its surrounding communities

gmina, miejscowość

an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

konfederacja

an understanding or agreement between nations, often informal and less binding than a formal alliance

ententa, porozumienie

a form of government in which corrupt leaders use their power to exploit the country's resources for personal gain

kleptokracja

the supreme authority of a state or governing body to govern itself without interference from external forces

suwerenność

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratyfikować, zatwierdzić

to officially start or introduce something

inauguracja

to suspend or discontinue a session of a legislative body or parliament, typically by the authority of the head of state or government, without dissolving it

prorogować, zawiesić

to transfer or delegate responsibility, authority, or a specific matter to a particular individual, group, or entity

degradować na, przekazywać na

to enforce a type of payment, such as fees, taxes, or fines and collect them

nałożyć, ściągnąć

the right to reject or prohibit a decision or proposal, especially one made by someone of an authority

weto, prawo weta

to provide financial support, typically from the government or an organization, to help reduce the cost of goods, services, or certain activities

subsydiować, finansować

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

oligarchia

a form of government or society in which power is held and influenced primarily by the wealthy or a small privileged class

plutokracja

to transfer decision-making or administrative power from a central authority to local or regional entities

decentralizować, przekazać władzę decyzyjną

to bring under the jurisdiction or authority of a federal government

federalizować, podporządkować jurysdykcji federalnej