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Bokabularyo ng Gitnang at Silangang Europa - Estonia

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Central and Eastern Europe Vocabulary
fascinating
fascinating
[pang-uri]

extremely interesting or captivating

kamangha-mangha, nakakaakit

kamangha-mangha, nakakaakit

Ex: The history of ancient civilizations is endlessly fascinating to archaeologists. 
baltic
baltic
[pang-uri]

of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Baltic States or their peoples or languages

Baltiko, ng Baltiko

Baltiko, ng Baltiko

state
state
[Pangngalan]

a country under the control of one government

estado, bansa

estado, bansa

Ex: The United States is a powerful state with significant influence in global politics and economics. 
to locate
to locate
[Pandiwa]

to be situated or established in a particular place

matatagpuan, makikita

matatagpuan, makikita

Ex: The museum is located near the river. 
medieval
medieval
[pang-uri]

belonging or related to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from roughly the 5th to the 15th century

medyebal, ng Panahong Medyebal

medyebal, ng Panahong Medyebal

Ex: The castle is a masterpiece of medieval architecture, complete with towers and battlements. 
to lead
to lead
[Pandiwa]

to be the leader or in charge of something

mamuno, pangunahan

mamuno, pangunahan

Ex: The tour group was led by a knowledgeable guide. 
distantly
distantly
[pang-abay]

in a manner that is far in space or time

malayo, sa malayo

malayo, sa malayo

Ex: Distantly, he could hear the sound of a train passing by. 
reserved
reserved
[pang-uri]

reluctant to share feelings or problems

reserbado, mahiyain

reserbado, mahiyain

Ex: Despite his reserved demeanor, he was a deeply compassionate person who preferred to listen rather than speak about his own struggles. 
countryside
countryside
[Pangngalan]

the area with farms, fields, and trees, that is outside cities and towns

kanayunan, lalawigan

kanayunan, lalawigan

Ex: They enjoyed taking long walks in the peaceful countryside. 
fresh air
fresh air
[Pangngalan]

clean and natural air from outside that feels good to breathe

sariwang hangin, malinis na hangin

sariwang hangin, malinis na hangin

Ex: We opened the window to let in some fresh air. 
to slow down
to slow down
[Pandiwa]

(of a person) to start taking things less seriously and try to enjoy life a bit more

magpahinay-hinay, tamasahin ang buhay

magpahinay-hinay, tamasahin ang buhay

Ex: After years of stress, he decided to slow down and appreciate the simple joys of life. 
peacefulness
peacefulness
[Pangngalan]

a state that is calm and tranquil

katahimikan, kapayapaan

katahimikan, kapayapaan

to [keep] {one's} feet on the ground

to remain practical, sensible, and realistic

Ex: Despite his success, he keeps his feet on the ground. 
complex
complex
[pang-uri]

having or made of several parts

komplikado, masalimuot

komplikado, masalimuot

Ex: The human brain is a complex organ with billions of interconnected neurons. 
to rule
to rule
[Pandiwa]

to control and be in charge of a country

pamahalaan, maghari

pamahalaan, maghari

Ex: The monarch ruled the kingdom with absolute authority. 
power
power
[Pangngalan]

a nation with significant influence and authority on a global scale

kapangyarihan, superpower

kapangyarihan, superpower

Ex: The United States is considered a major power in international politics. 
to hold on
to hold on
[Pandiwa]

to maintain possession of something

hawakan, panatilihin

hawakan, panatilihin

Ex: He decided to hold on to his old car instead of buying a new one. 
to gain
to gain
[Pandiwa]

to obtain something through one's own actions or hard work

makamit, magtamo

makamit, magtamo

Ex: She gained recognition in the industry through years of dedication and innovation. 
independence
independence
[Pangngalan]

the state of being free from the control of others

kalayaan, awtonomiya

kalayaan, awtonomiya

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
to occupy
to occupy
[Pandiwa]

to come to power and control in a place using military force

sakupin, lusubin

sakupin, lusubin

Ex: The invading army sought to occupy the capital city, overthrowing the government and establishing military control. 
to give up
to give up
[Pandiwa]

to stop or end an activity or state

sumuko, tumigil

sumuko, tumigil

Ex: They decided to give up their long-standing rivalry for the sake of peace. 
to [make] progress

to improve or get closer to a particular goal

Ex: Through consistent practice, he was able to make progress in his guitar-playing skills. 
innovation
innovation
[Pangngalan]

the creation of new ideas or concepts in the mind

pagbabago, paglikha

pagbabago, paglikha

Ex: Her innovation in storytelling brought fresh perspectives to the novel. 
tax
tax
[Pangngalan]

a sum of money that has to be paid, based on one's income, to the government so it can provide people with different kinds of public services

buwis

buwis

Ex: April 15th is the deadline for filing income tax returns in the United States. 
to vote
to vote
[Pandiwa]

to show which candidate one wants to win in an election or which plan one supports, by marking a piece of paper, raising one's hand, etc.

bumoto, maghalal

bumoto, maghalal

Ex: Citizens regularly vote in elections to choose their representatives. 
election
election
[Pangngalan]

the process in which people choose a person or group of people for a position, particularly a political one, through voting

eleksyon

eleksyon

Ex: The upcoming election will determine the next leader of our country, shaping the direction of government policies and priorities. 
to sign
to sign
[Pandiwa]

to write one's name or mark on a document to indicate acceptance, approval, or endorsement of its contents

pumirma

pumirma

Ex: The author regularly signs copies of her books at book signings. 
document
document
[Pangngalan]

a written record that establishes ownership, rights, or obligations

dokumento, kasulatan

dokumento, kasulatan

Ex: The deed is a document proving property ownership. 
finances
finances
[Pangngalan]

assets in the form of money

pananalapi, pera

pananalapi, pera

entrepreneur
entrepreneur
[Pangngalan]

a person who starts a business, especially one who takes financial risks

negosyante

negosyante

Ex: As an entrepreneur, she started her own tech company with just a small investment. 
reputation
reputation
[Pangngalan]

the state in which a person or an organization is highly respected and esteemed by others

reputasyon, dangal

reputasyon, dangal

Ex: His reputation was damaged after the scandal was exposed to the public. 
advancement
advancement
[Pangngalan]

improvements, developments, or innovations that bring progress or benefit

pag-unlad, pagsulong

pag-unlad, pagsulong

Ex: Recent advancements in robotics have increased efficiency. 
heritage
heritage
[Pangngalan]

the customs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are inherited and preserved within a community or society over time

pamana, pamana ng kultura

pamana, pamana ng kultura

Ex: The festival celebrates our cultural heritage with traditional dances and music. 
to [strike] a balance

to achieve a state of harmony by managing different aspects or priorities effectively

Ex: She strives to strike a balance between her work commitments and personal life. 
green
green
[pang-uri]

characterizing an area that is richly covered with natural plant life or foliage

berde

berde

Ex: The green landscape was dotted with wildflowers and dense foliage. 
national park
national park
[Pangngalan]

an area under the protection of a government, where people can visit, for its wildlife, beauty, or historical sights

pambansang parke, reserbang likas

pambansang parke, reserbang likas

Ex: The family spent their vacation hiking in a national park. 
landmark
landmark
[Pangngalan]

a structure or a place that is historically important

palatandaan, makasaysayang lugar

palatandaan, makasaysayang lugar

Ex: The Great Wall of China is a remarkable landmark that stretches across thousands of miles and has stood for centuries. 
bog
bog
[Pangngalan]

a wet, spongy area of land that is often covered in moss and has poor drainage, making it soft and soggy

latian, bana

latian, bana

Ex: The hikers carefully crossed the bog to avoid sinking. 
birdwatching
birdwatching
[Pangngalan]

the activity or hobby of studying birds by observing them in their natural surroundings

pagmamasid sa mga ibon, birdwatching

pagmamasid sa mga ibon, birdwatching

to [recharge] {one's} batteries

to relax and take a rest in order to recover one's lost energy

mag-recharge ng lakas, bumawi ng lakas

mag-recharge ng lakas, bumawi ng lakas

Ex: Right now, I am recharging my batteries with a cup of tea and a good book. 
spot
spot
[Pangngalan]

a specific point or location identified relative to surrounding features in an area or region

lugar, puwesto

lugar, puwesto

Ex: The hikers stopped at a scenic spot on the trail. 
windmill
windmill
[Pangngalan]

a large, tall building with long blades, called sails, that uses wind power to make flour out of grain or pump water

gilingan ng hangin, windmill

gilingan ng hangin, windmill

Ex: The old windmill was restored as a historical site. 
meteorite
meteorite
[Pangngalan]

a piece of rock or metal from space that has hit the surface of the earth

meteorito, bato ng langit

meteorito, bato ng langit

Ex: Scientists analyzed the composition of the meteorite that fell in the desert last month. 
crater
crater
[Pangngalan]

a depression on the surface of a celestial body, formed by the impact of cosmic debris such as meteoroids or asteroids

bumbong, lubog

bumbong, lubog

Ex: The Moon's surface is covered with numerous craters of various sizes, formed over billions of years by impacts from space debris. 
well preserved
well preserved
[pang-uri]

kept in good condition or protected from damage, even after a long time

maayos na napanatili, nasubaybayan nang maayos

maayos na napanatili, nasubaybayan nang maayos

Ex: The castle is well preserved and still open to visitors. 
to overlook
to overlook
[Pandiwa]

(of a building) to have a view of something, particularly from above

tanaw, tingnan mula sa itaas

tanaw, tingnan mula sa itaas

Ex: The hotel room overlooked the beach, providing a stunning ocean view. 
cathedral
cathedral
[Pangngalan]

the largest and most important church of a specific area, which is controlled by a bishop

katedral, ang katedral

katedral, ang katedral

Ex: The cathedral is known for its stunning Gothic architecture and intricate stained glass windows. 
dome
dome
[Pangngalan]

a building's roof that is rounded

dome, bubong na bilog

dome, bubong na bilog

Ex: The majestic cathedral was topped with a towering dome that gleamed in the sunlight. 
detailed
detailed
[pang-uri]

including many specific elements or pieces of information

detalyado, masusing

detalyado, masusing

Ex: The report provided a detailed analysis of the company's financial performance. 
cobblestone
cobblestone
[Pangngalan]

the small, rounded stones used historically for paving streets and paths

batong-bato, maliit na bato

batong-bato, maliit na bato

Ex: The old town square was paved with cobblestones. 
start-up
start-up
[Pangngalan]

a newly established company or business venture, typically characterized by its innovative approach, early-stage development, and a focus on growth

start-up, bagong tatag na kumpanya

start-up, bagong tatag na kumpanya

Ex: He launched a tech start-up with his friends. 
hub
hub
[Pangngalan]

a central or focal point of activity, importance, or connection

sentro, hub

sentro, hub

Ex: The city is a major transportation hub, connecting flights from around the world. 
to value
to value
[Pandiwa]

to regard highly and consider something as important, beneficial, or worthy of appreciation

pahalagahan, bigyang-halaga

pahalagahan, bigyang-halaga

Ex: The organization values transparency in its communication practices. 
to score
to score
[Pandiwa]

to gain a point, goal, etc. in a game, competition, or sport

puntos, iskor

puntos, iskor

Ex: He scored a goal in the final minute. 
ranking
ranking
[Pangngalan]

the numerical position or order of teams and individuals based on their performance in a competition or over a period of time

ranggo, puwesto

ranggo, puwesto

Ex: His consistent wins earned him a high ranking in the tennis tournament. 
choral
choral
[pang-uri]

(of music) made to be sung by a group of singers, especially in church

pang-awit,  pangkoro

pang-awit, pangkoro

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