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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Décision

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la décision, tels que "se chamailler", "se conformer", "affirmation", etc. qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
unanimity

a situation in which all those involved are in complete agreement on something

unanimité

unanimité

Ex: It's rare to find such unanimity among diverse groups of people on a single issue. 

Il est rare de trouver une telle unanimité parmi des groupes de personnes divers sur une seule question.

to advocate

to publicly recommend or encourage a particular action, approach, or way of doing something

préconiser, recommander, prôner

préconiser, recommander, prôner

Ex: Emma advocates using public transportation whenever possible. 
to confute
to confute
[verbe]

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

réfuter

réfuter

Ex: They confuted the conspiracy theory with credible evidence. 

Ils ont réfuté la théorie du complot avec des preuves crédibles.

to bias
to bias
[verbe]

to influence someone or something unfairly in favor of or against a particular view or outcome

influencer

influencer

Ex: Emma worried that her previous experience might bias her judgment. 
altercation

a noisy dispute

altercation, dispute

altercation, dispute

Ex: A heated altercation occurred during the town hall meeting. 

Une altercation animée s'est produite lors de la réunion municipale.

presupposition

something that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument

présupposition

présupposition

Ex: His argument was based on the presupposition that all voters are well-informed. 

Son argument était basé sur la présupposition que tous les électeurs sont bien informés.

to accord with

to agree with or correspond to something

s'accorder avec, concorder avec

s'accorder avec, concorder avec

Ex: His actions did not accord with his promises during the campaign. 

Ses actions n'étaient pas en accord avec ses promesses pendant la campagne.

bone of contention

a subject over which people disagree

pomme de discorde, sujet de désaccord

pomme de discorde, sujet de désaccord

Ex: The parking space is still a bone of contention among the neighbors. 

La place de parking reste une pomme de discorde entre les voisins.

adversary

a person that one is opposed to and fights or competes with

adversaire

adversaire

Ex: Even though they were fierce adversaries on the court, off the court they were good friends. 

Bien qu'ils aient été de féroces adversaires sur le terrain, en dehors du terrain, ils étaient de bons amis.

to bicker
to bicker
[verbe]

to argue over unimportant things in an ongoing and repetitive way

se chamailler, se disputer

se chamailler, se disputer

Ex: Despite their strong friendship, the friends would occasionally bicker about insignificant matters, like choosing a movie. 

Malgré leur forte amitié, les amis se chamaillaient parfois pour des questions insignifiantes, comme choisir un film.

ammunition

a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

armes

armes

Ex: The journalist's investigation gave him plenty of ammunition to challenge the official story. 

L'enquête du journaliste lui a donné beaucoup de munitions pour contester la version officielle.

concurrence

the state of being in agreement

accord

accord

Ex: The scientists concurred with the theory presented by the leading expert in the field. 

Les scientifiques étaient en accord avec la théorie présentée par l'expert principal dans le domaine.

approbation

official approval or agreement

approbation

approbation

Ex: Upon careful review, the committee granted their approbation to the proposed budget, recognizing its sound financial planning and allocation of resources. 

Après un examen attentif, le comité a accordé son approbation au budget proposé, reconnaissant sa solide planification financière et l'allocation des ressources.

to conform
to conform
[verbe]

to behave or think according to the accepted customs, expectations, or behavior of a group

se conformer

se conformer

Ex: He refused to conform to traditional expectations. 
to assent
to assent
[verbe]

to agree to something, such as a suggestion, request, etc.

consentir, donner son consentement

consentir, donner son consentement

Ex: In a democratic process, citizens cast their votes to assent to or dissent from proposed legislation. 

Dans un processus démocratique, les citoyens expriment leur vote pour approuver ou rejeter la législation proposée.

assertion

a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief

affirmation, assertion

affirmation, assertion

Ex: The politician's assertion about the economy was widely debated. 
avowal
avowal
[nom]

an open declaration or affirmation of one’s opinions

declaration

declaration

Ex: She made a bold avowal of her commitment to environmental causes. 

Elle a fait une déclaration audacieuse de son engagement envers les causes environnementales.

conformity

the act of adhering to established norms, protocols, and standardized behaviors within a social system or institution

conformité

conformité

Ex: His conformity to office procedures made him a reliable employee. 

Sa conformité aux procédures de bureau a fait de lui un employé fiable.

contention

a state of heated disagreement, often coming from different viewpoints or interests

dispute, démêlé, conflit, discorde

dispute, démêlé, conflit, discorde

Ex: Their contention over the budget led to several heated meetings. 

Leur controverse sur le budget a conduit à plusieurs réunions animées.

deadlock

a situation in which the parties involved do not compromise and therefore are unable to reach an agreement

impasse, blocage

impasse, blocage

Ex: Despite hours of debate, the committee hit a deadlock over the proposed changes to the policy. 

Malgré des heures de débat, le comité a atteint un impasse concernant les changements proposés à la politique.

to differ
to differ
[verbe]

to disagree with someone or to hold different opinions, viewpoints, or beliefs

ne pas être d’accord

ne pas être d’accord

Ex: The siblings often differed on where to go for family vacations. 
dissent
dissent
[nom]

a difference of opinion, especially from commonly accepted beliefs

désaccord, différence d'opinion

désaccord, différence d'opinion

Ex: Her quiet dissent went unnoticed during the heated debate. 

Son dissentiment discret est passé inaperçu lors du débat animé.

dissident

someone who declares opposition to the government of one's country, knowing there is punishment for doing so

dissident, dissidente

dissident, dissidente

Ex: In authoritarian regimes, dissidents often have to operate underground or in exile to avoid arrest for their dissenting activities. 

Dans les régimes autoritaires, les dissidents doivent souvent opérer dans la clandestinité ou en exil pour éviter d'être arrêtés pour leurs activités dissidentes.

to diverge
to diverge
[verbe]

(of views, opinions, etc.) to be different from each other

diverger

diverger

Ex: Over time, the political parties' stances started to diverge, leading to increased polarization. 

Avec le temps, les positions des partis politiques ont commencé à diverger, conduisant à une polarisation accrue.

dogma
dogma
[nom]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

dogme

dogme

Ex: She questioned the dogma of the organization, seeking evidence rather than blind acceptance. 

Elle a remis en question le dogme de l'organisation, cherchant des preuves plutôt qu'une acceptation aveugle.

extrapolation

a projection about future events or hypothetical situations, drawn from known data, observations, or experience

extrapolation

extrapolation

Ex: Based on current trends, the extrapolation points to a housing shortage. 

Sur la base des tendances actuelles, l'extrapolation indique une pénurie de logements.

feud
feud
[nom]

a heated argument that lasts for a long time

querelle

querelle

Ex: Their feud began years ago over a business disagreement. 

Leur querelle a commencé il y a des années à cause d'un désaccord commercial.

schism
schism
[nom]

a division between a group of people caused by their disagreement over beliefs or views

schisme

schisme

Ex: Historical schisms often reshape societies and lead to significant cultural shifts. 

Les schismes historiques remodelent souvent les sociétés et conduisent à des changements culturels significatifs.

heresy
heresy
[nom]

any opinion or belief that conflicts with the official or widely accepted position

hérésie, hétérodoxie

hérésie, hétérodoxie

Ex: Challenging the prevailing scientific consensus can be viewed as heresy. 

Contester le consensus scientifique dominant peut être considéré comme une hérésie.

to plead
to plead
[verbe]

to give a particular fact or condition as an excuse or justification

invoquer, prétexter

invoquer, prétexter

Ex: Daniel pleaded illness as his reason for missing the meeting. 
anodyne
anodyne
[Adjectif]

not likely to offend people or cause disagreement or tension

anodin

anodin

Ex: His anodyne remarks at the meeting failed to address the core issues. 

Ses remarques anodines lors de la réunion n'ont pas permis d'aborder les problèmes fondamentaux.

contradictory
contradictory
[Adjectif]

(of statements, beliefs, facts, etc.) incompatible or opposed to one another, even if not strictly illogical

contradictoire

contradictoire

Ex: Her emotions seemed contradictory—laughing one minute and crying the next. 

Ses émotions semblaient contradictoires—riant une minute et pleurant la suivante.

declamatory
declamatory
[Adjectif]

expressing one's feelings in a dramatic and forceful way

déclamatoire

déclamatoire

Ex: During the debate, the debater used declamatory gestures and forceful arguments to assert their viewpoint. 

Pendant le débat, le débatteur a utilisé des gestes déclamatoires et des arguments puissants pour affirmer son point de vue.

incontestable
incontestable
[Adjectif]

true and therefore impossible to be denied or disagreed with

incontestable

incontestable

Ex: Her talent as a pianist is incontestable, as she has won numerous awards. 

Son talent en tant que pianiste est incontestable, car elle a remporté de nombreux prix.

dialectical
dialectical
[Adjectif]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialectique

dialectique

Ex: Hegel's dialectical method posits that progress occurs through the clash and synthesis of conflicting ideas. 

La méthode dialectique de Hegel postule que le progrès se produit à travers le choc et la synthèse d'idées conflictuelles.

evangelical
evangelical
[Adjectif]

very eager to persuade people to accept one's views or opinions

fanatique

fanatique

Ex: Her evangelical enthusiasm for fitness led her to start a health blog. 

Son enthousiasme évangélique pour la forme physique l'a conduite à créer un blog sur la santé.

disposed
disposed
[Adjectif]

ready toward a course of action

enclin à

enclin à

Ex: James didn't seem disposed to take the hint. 

James ne semblait pas disposé à saisir l'allusion.

polemic
polemic
[Adjectif]

involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'

polémique

polémique

Ex: His polemic speech challenged the prevailing views on economic policy. 

Son discours polémique a remis en question les opinions dominantes sur la politique économique.

vociferous
vociferous
[Adjectif]

expressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully

bruyant, virulent

bruyant, virulent

Ex: Reporters described the rallies as vociferous displays where the crowd vigorously chanted slogans for hours. 

Les journalistes ont décrit les rassemblements comme des manifestations bruyantes où la foule a scandé des slogans avec vigueur pendant des heures.

to sustain
to sustain
[verbe]

to provide evidence or reasons that support an argument, claim, opinion, or theory

soutenir, supporter

soutenir, supporter

Ex: The results sustain the theory proposed by earlier researchers. 
to scorn
to scorn
[verbe]

to have no respect for someone or something because one thinks they are stupid or undeserving

mépriser

mépriser

Ex: He scorns individuals who spread false information and misinformation. 

Il méprise les individus qui répandent de fausses informations et de la désinformation.

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