to unfairly influence or manipulate something or someone in favor of one particular opinion or point of view
something that one perceives to be true, even though it remains to be proved, especially at the beginning of an argument
a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them
弹药,论据
to adjust oneself in order to align with new or different circumstances or expectations
the act of adhering to established norms, protocols, and standardized behaviors within a social system or institution
a state of heated disagreement, often coming from different viewpoints or interests
a situation in which the parties involved do not compromise and therefore are unable to reach an agreement
someone who declares opposition to the government of one's country, knowing there is punishment for doing so
a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance
the act of using known facts or existing trends in order to conclude or estimate something assuming that the current trends or facts will remain relevant
a division between a group of people caused by their disagreement over beliefs or views
an opinion that is profoundly against the official principles of a particular religion
(of statements, beliefs, facts, etc.) incompatible or opposed to one another, even if not strictly illogical
referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution
involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'
to have no respect for someone or something because one thinks they are stupid or undeserving