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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Ingénierie et Électroniques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots d'anglais sur l'ingénierie et l'électronique, tels que "transistor", "électrode", "tension", etc., nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
engineering

a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

ingénierie, engineering

ingénierie, engineering

Ex: Engineering involves designing and testing innovative technologies. 
electronics

the branch of science and technology concerned with electronic circuits, devices, and the controlled flow of electric current

électronique

électronique

Ex: Modern electronics relies heavily on semiconductor technology. 
transistor

a semiconductor device that amplifies or switches electronic signals

transistor

transistor

Ex: He replaced the faulty transistor to restore the circuit. 
semiconductor

(electronics) a material that conducts electricity moderately, with conductivity that changes with temperature or added impurities

semi-conducteur

semi-conducteur

Ex: The semiconductor industry drives much of modern technology innovation. 
circuit board

(electronics) a flat board that holds and connects electronic components to add or improve a computer's functions

circuit imprimé

circuit imprimé

Ex: She inserted a new circuit board into the expansion slot for better graphics performance. 
short circuit

an accidental connection between two points in a circuit that causes a sudden, dangerous surge of current

court-circuit

court-circuit

Ex: Exposed wires led to a short circuit that damaged the power supply. 
electrode

(electronics) a conductor that touches a circuit or device to let electricity enter or leave

électrode

électrode

Ex: He attached the electrode to the patient's skin to monitor heart activity. 
voltage
voltage
[nom]

total potential energy provided by a power source

tension, voltage

tension, voltage

Ex: The dying battery's voltage dropped from 9V to 6V. 
transformer

an electric device that is used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current

transformateur

transformateur

Ex: Regular maintenance of the transformer is essential to ensure it operates efficiently and to prevent power outages. 

La maintenance régulière du transformateur est essentielle pour garantir son fonctionnement efficace et prévenir les pannes de courant.

transmitter

a device that sends out radio or television signals

émetteur

émetteur

Ex: He adjusted the transmitter to improve the signal strength. 
capacitor

an electrical component that stores electric charge temporarily

condensateur

condensateur

Ex: He replaced the faulty capacitor on the circuit board to fix the power supply. 
to conduct
to conduct
[verbe]

to allow heat or electricity be transmitted

conduire

conduire

Ex: The insulated wires are designed not to conduct heat to prevent burns. 
to screw
to screw
[verbe]

to fasten or attach something using a screw or screws

se visser

se visser

Ex: The carpenter screwed the boards together. 
bolt
bolt
[nom]

a metal fastener consisting of a threaded rod with a head, usually secured with a nut

vis

vis

Ex: One of the bolts holding the frame together had come loose. 
nut
nut
[nom]

a small metal piece with a threaded hole that screws onto a bolt to fasten things together

écrou

écrou

Ex: One of the nuts had come loose from the wheel. 
cog
cog
[nom]

a wheel with a set of square or triangular teeth sticking out around the edge that fits into the edge of a similar wheel, causing both wheels to turn

dent

dent

Ex: Engineers designed the cog to have precisely angled teeth to minimize friction and wear within the machinery. 

Les ingénieurs ont conçu la roue dentée pour avoir des dents précisément inclinées afin de minimiser la friction et l'usure au sein de la machinerie.

diode
diode
[nom]

(electronics) a semiconductor part that lets electricity flow in only one direction

diode

diode

Ex: She replaced the blown diode to get the power supply working again. 
fuse
fuse
[nom]

an electrical device that is used to stop or control the flow of current in a circuit in case it is too strong

fusible

fusible

Ex: Always replace a burnt fuse with one of the same rating. 

Remplacez toujours un fusible grillé par un autre de même calibre.

generator

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

générateur

générateur

Ex: Wind turbines use generators to convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. 

Les éoliennes utilisent des générateurs pour convertir l'énergie cinétique du vent en énergie électrique.

crank
crank
[nom]

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

manivelle

manivelle

Ex: The crank mechanism in the machine allowed for precise control of the rotational speed. 

Le mécanisme de manivelle dans la machine permettait un contrôle précis de la vitesse de rotation.

shaft
shaft
[nom]

a usually cylindrical rod that rotates to transmit power or motion in a machine

arbre,  axe

arbre, axe

Ex: Power is transferred from the motor through a rotating shaft. 
thermostat

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

thermostat

thermostat

Ex: With a programmable thermostat, you can set specific temperature settings for different times of the day to optimize energy usage. 

Avec un thermostat programmable, vous pouvez définir des réglages de température spécifiques pour différents moments de la journée afin d'optimiser la consommation d'énergie.

safety valve

a device that allows steam, liquid, etc. to escape a machine, if the pressure inside the machine becomes too high

soupape de sécurité

soupape de sécurité

robotics

the field of artificial intelligence and engineering that deals with designing, building, and using robots

robotique

robotique

Ex: She decided to major in robotics to build prosthetic limbs for amputees. 
relay
relay
[nom]

an electronic device that uses a small electrical current to control a larger current, acting like an automatic switch

relais

relais

Ex: When the motor overheated, the relay shut off the power to prevent damage. 

Lorsque le moteur a surchauffé, le relais a coupé l'alimentation pour éviter les dommages.

oscillator

a device that produces alternating current or sound waves at a steady frequency

oscillateur

oscillateur

Ex: He tuned the oscillator to produce a 1 kHz tone. 
insulator

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

isolant

isolant

Ex: Rubber gloves act as an insulator, preventing electric shocks. 

Les gants en caoutchouc agissent comme un isolant, empêchant les chocs électriques.

solar cell

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

panneau solaire

panneau solaire

Ex: Solar cells are used in solar panels to generate renewable energy for homes and businesses. 

Les cellules solaires sont utilisées dans les panneaux solaires pour produire de l'énergie renouvelable pour les maisons et les entreprises.

rotor
rotor
[nom]

the rotating part of a machine that revolves around a stationary part

rotor

rotor

direct current

an electric current that flows in only one direction

courant continu

courant continu

Ex: The solar panels generate DC, which the inverter converts for household use. 
to rewire
to rewire
[verbe]

to replace or install new electrical wiring in something, like a building or a machine

refaire l'électricité, refaire les circuits, recâbler

refaire l'électricité, refaire les circuits, recâbler

Ex: The technicians were hired to rewire the factory's outdated machinery. 

Les techniciens ont été embauchés pour recâbler les machines obsolètes de l'usine.

alternating current

an electric current that reverses direction periodically, typically used in power distribution systems due to its efficiency in long-distance transmission

courant alternatif, CA

courant alternatif, CA

Ex: Alternating current is commonly used in household appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines. 

Le courant alternatif est couramment utilisé dans les appareils ménagers tels que les réfrigérateurs et les machines à laver.

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