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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Engineering and Electronics

Here you will learn some English words about engineering and electronics, such as "transistor", "electrode", "voltage", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
engineering

a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

Ex: She chose engineering as her major because she loves solving problems. 
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electronics

the branch of physics and electrical engineering that focuses on designing circuits that use transistors and microchips

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transistor

a small semiconductor device, used in television and radio sets, able to amplify or rectify an electric current

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semiconductor

a solid substance that conducts electricity or heat better than insulators, but not as well as most metals

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dc
dc
[noun]

an electric current that flows only in one direction

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circuit board

a thin board on which the circuits are printed

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short circuit

a failure in a circuit caused when the electricity flows in the wrong route due to wire damage or fault in the connections of wires

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electrode
electrode
[noun]

a conductor through which electricity travels to or from an object, such as batteries

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voltage
voltage
[noun]

total potential energy provided by a power source

Ex: This power outlet delivers 120V, but your device needs 240V. 
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transformer

an electric device that is used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current

Ex: The electrical engineer installed a transformer to step down the high voltage from the power lines to a safer level for residential use. 
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transmitter

a piece of electronic equipment used for sending electromagnetic waves carrying radio or television signals

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capacitor
capacitor
[noun]

an electric device that is used to accumulate electric charge

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to conduct

to allow heat or electricity be transmitted

Ex: Metals like copper and silver conduct electricity exceptionally well. 
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to screw
to screw
[Verb]

to firmly attach or tighten something using a turning metal fastener

Ex: He screwed the shelf to the wall to ensure it was securely attached. 
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bolt
bolt
[noun]

a piece of metal like a thick nail without a point that used to secure assembled parts by passing through holes and tightening with a nut

Ex: I need to tighten the bolt on the bicycle wheel. 
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nut
nut
[noun]

a flat piece of metal with a hole in the middle through which a bolt is put to secure or fasten objects together

Ex: He tightened the nut onto the bolt to secure the bracket firmly in place. 
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cog
cog
[noun]

a wheel with a set of square or triangular teeth sticking out around the edge that fits into the edge of a similar wheel, causing both wheels to turn

Ex: The cog in the gear system meshed perfectly with its neighboring cogs, ensuring smooth and efficient power transmission. 
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diode
diode
[noun]

an electronic device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only

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fuse
fuse
[noun]

an electrical device that is used to stop or control the flow of current in a circuit in case it is too strong

Ex: The fuse blew when too many appliances were plugged in. 
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generator
generator
[noun]

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

Ex: The hydroelectric generator harnesses the power of flowing water to produce electricity for nearby communities. 
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crank
crank
[noun]

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

Ex: The engineer used a crank to manually adjust the height of the lifting mechanism. 
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shaft
shaft
[noun]

a metal bar in an engine that enables movement and power to be transmitted from one part to another

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thermostat

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

Ex: The thermostat regulates the temperature in the house, ensuring comfort and energy efficiency. 
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safety valve

a device that allows steam, liquid, etc. to escape a machine, if the pressure inside the machine becomes too high

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robotics
robotics
[noun]

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

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relay
relay
[noun]

an electronic device that uses a small electrical current to control a larger current, acting like an automatic switch

Ex: The engineer installed a relay in the circuit to control the high-voltage switch safely. 
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oscillator

a piece of equipment for generating oscillating electric currents or voltages by non-mechanical means

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insulator
insulator
[noun]

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

Ex: The walls were lined with an insulator to keep the room warm. 
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solar cell

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

Ex: A solar cell, also known as a photovoltaic cell, converts sunlight directly into electricity. 
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rotor
rotor
[noun]

the rotating part of a machine that revolves around a stationary part

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to rewire
to rewire
[Verb]

to replace or install new electrical wiring in something, like a building or a machine

Ex: The old house was unsafe, so the electricians had to completely rewire it. 
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alternating current

an electric current that reverses direction periodically, typically used in power distribution systems due to its efficiency in long-distance transmission

Ex: ChatGPT Homes and businesses receive electrical power through alternating current supplied by the grid. 
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