Продвинутый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Инженерия и электроника

a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

инжиниринг

the branch of physics and electrical engineering that focuses on designing circuits that use transistors and microchips

электроника

a small semiconductor device, used in television and radio sets, able to amplify or rectify an electric current

транзистор

a solid substance that conducts electricity or heat better than insulators, but not as well as most metals

полупроводник

an electric current that flows only in one direction

постоянный ток

a thin board on which the circuits are printed

печатная плата

a failure in a circuit caused when the electricity flows in the wrong route due to wire damage or fault in the connections of wires

короткое замыкание

a conductor through which electricity travels to or from an object, such as batteries

электрод

the electronic potential and force whose measurement unit is volts

напряжение

an electric device that is used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current

трансформатор

a piece of electronic equipment used for sending electromagnetic waves carrying radio or television signals

передатчик

an electric device that is used to accumulate electric charge

конденсатор

to allow heat or electricity be transmitted

проводить

to firmly attach or tighten something using a turning metal fastener

привинтить

a piece of metal like a thick nail without a point that used to secure assembled parts by passing through holes and tightening with a nut

болт

a flat piece of metal with a hole in the middle through which a bolt is put to secure or fasten objects together

гайка

a wheel with a set of square or triangular teeth sticking out around the edge that fits into the edge of a similar wheel, causing both wheels to turn

зубчатое колесо

an electronic device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only

диод

an electrical device that is used to stop or control the flow of current in a circuit in case it is too strong

предохранитель

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

генератор

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

кривошип

a metal bar in an engine that enables movement and power to be transmitted from one part to another

вал

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

термостат

a device that allows steam, liquid, etc. to escape a machine, if the pressure inside the machine becomes too high

предохранительный клапан

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

роботизация

an electronic device that uses a small electrical current to control a larger current, acting like an automatic switch

реле

a piece of equipment for generating oscillating electric currents or voltages by non-mechanical means

осциллятор

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

изолятор

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

солнечный элемент

the rotating part of a machine that revolves around a stationary part

ротор

to provide new electrical wiring for a building or machine

заменить проводку

an electric current that reverses direction periodically, typically used in power distribution systems due to its efficiency in long-distance transmission

переменный ток