Vocabular Avansat pentru TOEFL - Inginerie și Electronică

a field of study that deals with the building, designing, developing, etc. of structures, bridges, or machines

inginerie

the branch of physics and electrical engineering that focuses on designing circuits that use transistors and microchips

electronică

a small semiconductor device, used in television and radio sets, able to amplify or rectify an electric current

transistor

a solid substance that conducts electricity or heat better than insulators, but not as well as most metals

semiconductor

an electric current that flows only in one direction

curent continu, CC

a thin board on which the circuits are printed

placă de circuit, circuit imprimat

a failure in a circuit caused when the electricity flows in the wrong route due to wire damage or fault in the connections of wires

scurtcircuitare

a conductor through which electricity travels to or from an object, such as batteries

electrod

the electronic potential and force whose measurement unit is volts

tensiune, voltaj

an electric device that is used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current

transformator, dispozitiv de transformare

a piece of electronic equipment used for sending electromagnetic waves carrying radio or television signals

transmițător, emitent

an electric device that is used to accumulate electric charge

condensator, capacitor

to allow heat or electricity be transmitted

conduce, transmite

to firmly attach or tighten something using a turning metal fastener

a înșuruba, a strânge

a piece of metal like a thick nail without a point that used to secure assembled parts by passing through holes and tightening with a nut

șurub, bucșă

a flat piece of metal with a hole in the middle through which a bolt is put to secure or fasten objects together

piuliță, inel

a wheel with a set of square or triangular teeth sticking out around the edge that fits into the edge of a similar wheel, causing both wheels to turn

dinte, roti dințate

an electronic device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only

diod

an electrical device that is used to stop or control the flow of current in a circuit in case it is too strong

siguranță, dispozitiv de protecție

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

generator, mașină de generare

a device that allows movement between mechanical parts of a machine or converts backward and forward motion into circular movement

manivelă, crank

a metal bar in an engine that enables movement and power to be transmitted from one part to another

arbore, ax

an instrument that automatically controls the temperature of a room, machine, etc.

termostat, regulator de temperatură

a device that allows steam, liquid, etc. to escape a machine, if the pressure inside the machine becomes too high

ventil de siguranță, valvă de siguranță

an area of technology that is concerned with the study or use of robots

robotică

an electronic device that uses a small electrical current to control a larger current, acting like an automatic switch

releu

a piece of equipment for generating oscillating electric currents or voltages by non-mechanical means

oscilator

a substance that doesn't conduct heat, sound, etc.

izolator

a device that converts the energy of the sun into electricity

celulă solară, celulă fotovoltaică

the rotating part of a machine that revolves around a stationary part

rotor

to provide new electrical wiring for a building or machine

reînlocui cablajul, reînnoirea cablajului

an electric current that reverses direction periodically, typically used in power distribution systems due to its efficiency in long-distance transmission

curent alternativ, curent electric alternativ