ログイン
a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S
エントロピー
a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products
反応物, リアクタント
(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself
触媒, カタリスト
the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
触媒作用, 反応加速
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
共有結合, コバレント結合
any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties
異性体
a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
ポリマー
a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes
ハイドロカーボン
a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water
エステル
an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes
アルデヒド
a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis
アルコール, アルコール類
an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings
ケトン
a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances
酸化還元反応, レドックス反応
the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)
モル濃度
a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current
電解質
a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles
コロイド
the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals
腐食, 劣化
any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water
アルカリ, 塩基
a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution
アンモニア
a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant
合金
a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights
ハロゲン
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
同位体
any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations
希ガス, 不活性ガス
a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water
エマルジョン
the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions
半減期
a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding
減耗ウラン, 貧弱化ウラン
