C2级单词表 - Chemistry

在这里,您将学习所有关于化学的基本词汇,这些词汇是专门为C2级别的学习者收集的。

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C2级单词表
entropy [名词]
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Ex: Gas molecules in a container have higher entropy than the same molecules in a more ordered liquid state .

容器中的气体分子比处于更有序液态的相同分子具有更高的

solute [名词]
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溶质

Ex: When sugar ( sucrose ) is added to coffee , sugar serves as the solute that dissolves in the coffee , the solvent .

当糖(蔗糖)加入咖啡时,糖作为溶质溶解在咖啡(溶剂)中。

reactant [名词]
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反应物

Ex: The reactants in the reaction between hydrogen ( H₂ ) and oxygen ( O₂ ) to form water ( H₂O ) are hydrogen and oxygen gases .

氢(H₂)和氧(O₂)反应生成水(H₂O)的反应物是氢气和氧气。

catalyst [名词]
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催化剂

Ex: Platinum nanoparticles acted as an effective catalyst for the reaction , significantly lowering the activation energy needed .

铂纳米颗粒作为反应的催化剂,显著降低了所需的活化能。

catalysis [名词]
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催化

Ex: The catalysis of the enzyme amylase accelerates the hydrolysis of starch into simpler sugars during digestion .

淀粉酶的催化作用在消化过程中加速淀粉水解为更简单的糖。

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共价键

Ex: Atoms share electrons in a covalent bond to make molecules .

原子在共价键中共享电子以形成分子。

isomer [名词]
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异构体

Ex: The structural isomers butane and isobutane both have the molecular formula C₄H₁₀ but exhibit different structural arrangements .

结构异构体丁烷和异丁烷都具有分子式C₄H₁₀,但表现出不同的结构排列。

polymer [名词]
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聚合物

Ex: Nylon , a synthetic polymer , is widely used in the production of textiles , carpets , and other materials .

尼龙,一种合成聚合物,广泛用于纺织品、地毯和其他材料的生产。

monomer [名词]
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单体

Ex: Amino acids are monomers that link together to form proteins through the process of polymerization .

氨基酸是通过聚合过程连接在一起形成蛋白质的单体

hydrocarbon [名词]
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碳氢化合物

Ex: Ethene ( C₂H₄ ) is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond , classified as an alkene .

乙烯(C₂H₄)是一种具有双键的不饱和,被归类为烯烃。

ester [名词]
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Ex: Diethyl phthalate is an ester often used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of plastics .

邻苯二甲酸二乙酯是一种,常用作塑料制造中的增塑剂。

aldehyde [名词]
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Ex: Glyoxal is a small aldehyde used in the textile industry for fabric crosslinking .

乙二醛是一种用于纺织工业中织物交联的小

alcohol [名词]
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酒精

Ex:

甲醇,也称为木,用于各种工业过程和作为燃料。

ketone [名词]
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Ex: Dimedone is a cyclic ketone often used in organic synthesis .

二甲基二酮是一种常用于有机合成的环状

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氧化还原

Ex: Cellular respiration is a biological process involving the oxidation-reduction of glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP .

细胞呼吸是一个涉及葡萄糖氧化还原以ATP形式产生能量的生物过程。

molarity [名词]
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摩尔浓度

Ex: The molarity of a hydrochloric acid solution may be expressed as 2 M , indicating 2 moles of HCl per liter .

盐酸溶液的摩尔浓度可以表示为2 M,表示每升2摩尔的HCl。

electrolyte [名词]
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电解质

Ex:

氢氧化钠(NaOH)是一种强电解质,溶解时形成钠离子(Na⁺)和氢氧根离子(OH⁻)。

colloid [名词]
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胶体

Ex: Whipped cream is a colloid with air bubbles dispersed in a liquid fat .

打发的奶油是一种胶体,其中气泡分散在液态脂肪中。

corrosion [名词]
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腐蚀

Ex: Regular maintenance is necessary to prevent corrosion and extend the lifespan of metal structures .

定期维护对于防止腐蚀和延长金属结构的使用寿命是必要的。

alkali [名词]
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any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

Ex: Alkalis like potassium carbonate are used to neutralize acids in chemistry labs .
ammonia [名词]
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a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

Ex: Industrial plants produce ammonia on a large scale for fertilizers .
alloy [名词]
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合金

Ex: Brass , which is an alloy of copper and zinc , is commonly used in plumbing fixtures and musical instruments .

黄铜是铜和锌的合金,常用于管道装置和乐器中。

halogen [名词]
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卤素

Ex: Fluorine , a highly reactive halogen , is often added to drinking water to promote dental health .

氟是一种高活性的卤素,常被添加到饮用水中以促进牙齿健康。

isotope [名词]
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同位素

Ex: Deuterium and tritium are isotopes of hydrogen , distinguished by their different numbers of neutrons .

氘和氚是氢的同位素,因其中子数不同而有所区别。

noble gas [名词]
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惰性气体

Ex: Neon signs emit light when an electrical current passes through neon gas , showcasing the unique properties of noble gases .

霓虹灯标志在电流通过氖气时发光,展示了惰性气体的独特性质。

emulsion [名词]
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乳状液

Ex: Emulsions in salad dressings combine oil and vinegar , allowing them to mix temporarily before eventually separating without an emulsifier .

沙拉酱中的乳液将油和醋结合在一起,使它们在没有乳化剂的情况下暂时混合,最终分离。

half-life [名词]
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半衰期

Ex: Carbon-14 , with a half-life of around 5,730 years , is used in radiocarbon dating to estimate the age of archaeological artifacts .

碳-14的半衰期约为5,730年,用于放射性碳定年法以估计考古文物的年龄。

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贫铀

Ex: Depleted uranium is less radioactive than natural uranium and is primarily composed of the isotope uranium-238 .

贫铀的放射性比天然铀低,主要由同位素铀238组成。

solvent [名词]
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溶剂

Ex: Chloroform acts as an effective solvent for lipids , fats and waxes due to its non-polar nature .

氯仿由于其非极性性质,可作为脂类、脂肪和蜡的有效溶剂

charged [形容词]
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带电的

Ex:

闪电是一种自然现象,云层带电并放电。

combustion [名词]
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燃烧

Ex: In internal combustion engines , fuel undergoes combustion to generate the power needed for vehicle propulsion .

在内燃机中,燃料经历燃烧以产生车辆推进所需的动力。