pattern

Seznam Slovíček Úrovně C2 - Chemistry

Zde se naučíte všechna základní slova pro mluvení o chemii, shromážděná speciálně pro studenty úrovně C2.

review-disable

Revize

flashcard-disable

Kartičky

spelling-disable

Pravopis

quiz-disable

Kvíz

Začněte se učit
CEFR C2 Vocabulary
entropy
[Podstatné jméno]

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

entropie, změna entropie

entropie, změna entropie

Ex: Dissolving a solute in a solvent generally increases entropy of the system .
solute
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

rozpuštěná látka, rozpustná látka

rozpuštěná látka, rozpustná látka

Ex: Dissolving a pain reliever ( e.g. , aspirin ) in water results in the drug acting as solute in the liquid solvent .
reactant
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

reaktant, reagens

reaktant, reagens

Ex: When iron reacts with sulfur , reactants are iron and sulfur .
catalyst
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalyzátor, zrychlovač

katalyzátor, zrychlovač

Ex: In the Haber process , iron is used as catalyst to promote the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases .
catalysis
[Podstatné jméno]

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

katalýza, katalytická reakce

katalýza, katalytická reakce

Ex: Zeolites act as catalysts in refining processes , promoting catalysis of hydrocarbons into valuable products .
covalent bond
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

kovalentní vazba, covalentní spojení

kovalentní vazba, covalentní spojení

Ex: The air 's like a molecular community , held together covalent bonds, forming a breathable atmosphere .
isomer
[Podstatné jméno]

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

izomera, izomer

izomera, izomer

Ex: The amino acid isoleucine and the sugar maltose are examples isomers with identical molecular formulas but differing chemical structures .
polymer
[Podstatné jméno]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polymer, polymér

polymer, polymér

Ex: Polyester is a versatile polymer used in fabrics , clothing , and plastic bottles .
monomer
[Podstatné jméno]

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

monomer, molekula monomeru

monomer, molekula monomeru

Ex: Styrene is monomer used in the production of polystyrene , a common plastic and insulation material .
hydrocarbon
[Podstatné jméno]

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

hydrokarbon, uhlovodík

hydrokarbon, uhlovodík

Ex: Benzene (C₆H₆) is an aromatic hydrocarbon, exhibiting a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds.
ester
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

ester, esterová sloučenina

ester, esterová sloučenina

Ex: Ethyl propionate is ester with a fruity odor and is used as a flavoring agent in the food industry .
aldehyde
[Podstatné jméno]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

aldehyd, alifatický aldehyd

aldehyd, alifatický aldehyd

Ex: Formaldehyde is a aldehyde used in various industrial applications , including the production of resins .
alcohol
[Podstatné jméno]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

alkohol, alkoholický compound

alkohol, alkoholický compound

Ex: alcohol is used in the production of fragrances , flavorings , and as a solvent in various applications .
ketone
[Podstatné jméno]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

keton, ketonová sloučenina

keton, ketonová sloučenina

Ex: Camphor is ketone found in various plant sources and used in medicinal and flavoring applications .
oxidation-reduction
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

oxidačně-redukční reakce, reakce oxidace-redukce

oxidačně-redukční reakce, reakce oxidace-redukce

Ex: Photosynthesis is a biological process that involves oxidation-reduction of water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen .
molarity
[Podstatné jméno]

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

molarita, koncentrace v molech na litr

molarita, koncentrace v molech na litr

Ex: Hydrogen peroxide with molarity of 6 M means there are 6 moles of H₂O₂ per liter .
electrolyte
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

elektrolyt, elektrolytová látka

elektrolyt, elektrolytová látka

Ex: Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak electrolyte, producing acetate ions (CH₃COO⁻) and hydrogen ions (H⁺) in solution.
colloid
[Podstatné jméno]

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

kolloid, kolloidní směs

kolloid, kolloidní směs

Ex: Blood plasma is colloid with proteins and other substances dispersed in water .
corrosion
[Podstatné jméno]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

koroze, korozní proces

koroze, korozní proces

Ex: Exposure to moisture accelerates corrosion.
alkali
[Podstatné jméno]

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

žaludek, alkalická látka

žaludek, alkalická látka

Ex: Alkalis are often used in the production of soaps, detergents, and other cleaning agents due to their ability to dissolve fats and oils.
ammonia
[Podstatné jméno]

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

amoniak, čpavek

amoniak, čpavek

Ex: Ammonia is also used in refrigeration systems as a refrigerant due to its low boiling point and excellent heat transfer properties.
alloy
[Podstatné jméno]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

slitina, legura

slitina, legura

Ex: alloys are lightweight and strong , making them suitable for aerospace applications and automotive parts .
halogen
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

halogen, halogenový prvek

halogen, halogenový prvek

Ex: halogens share common properties such as high electronegativity and the ability to gain an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration .
isotope
[Podstatné jméno]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

izotop, izotopy

izotop, izotopy

Ex: Isotopes play a crucial role in understanding nuclear reactions , radiometric dating , and various applications in science and technology .
noble gas
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

noble plyn, vzácný plyn

noble plyn, vzácný plyn

Ex: noble gas configuration is characterized by a full outer electron shell , contributing to the stability and lack of reactivity .
emulsion
[Podstatné jméno]

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

emulze, emulsion

emulze, emulsion

Ex: Butter is emulsion of water in fat , formed through the churning of cream , breaking down fat globules and dispersing them in the water phase .
half-life
[Podstatné jméno]

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

poločas, poločas přeměny

poločas, poločas přeměny

Ex: The concept half-life is applicable in fields such as pharmacology , geology , physics , and environmental science .
depleted uranium
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

odkysličený uran, depletovaný uran

odkysličený uran, depletovaný uran

Ex: Depleted uranium can pose hazards if it enters the environment, such as through the release of dust or the contamination of soil and water.
solvent
[Podstatné jméno]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

rozpouštědlo, rozpouštějící látka

rozpouštědlo, rozpouštějící látka

Ex: Water is the universal solvent, capable of dissolving more substances like salt and sugar than any other liquid.
charged
[Přídavné jméno]

having an electric charge

nabitý, elektricky nabitý

nabitý, elektricky nabitý

Ex: charged particles in the plasma reacted with the magnetic field to create spectacular auroras in the sky .
LanGeek
Stáhnout aplikaci LanGeek