C2 Level Wordlist - Chemistry

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Chemistry, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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entropy [noun]

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

Ex: The entropy of a gas typically increases with an increase in temperature , reflecting increased molecular motion .

solute [noun]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

Ex: Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) dissolving in soda is an example of a gas solute in a liquid solvent .

reactant [noun]

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

Ex: The reactants in the process of burning wood are wood and oxygen .

catalyst [noun]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

Ex: In the Haber process , iron is used as a catalyst to promote the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases .

catalysis [noun]

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

Ex: The catalysis of platinum in the catalytic converter converts harmful gases from vehicle exhaust into less harmful substances .

covalent bond [noun]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

Ex: Water forms because of a covalent bond between hydrogen and oxygen .

isomer [noun]

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

Ex: Glucose and fructose are constitutional isomers , possessing the same molecular formula ( C₆H₁₂O₆ ) but differing in their structural arrangements .

polymer [noun]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

Ex: Proteins , such as collagen and hemoglobin , are biological polymers with crucial roles in the structure and function of living organisms .

monomer [noun]

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

Ex: Glucose is a monomer that can polymerize to form complex carbohydrates like starch and cellulose .

hydrocarbon [noun]

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

Ex: Acetylene ( C₂H₂ ) is a hydrocarbon with a triple bond , falling into the alkyne category .

ester [noun]

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

Ex: Benzyl acetate is an ester found in many essential oils and is known for its pleasant floral scent .

aldehyde [noun]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

Ex: The distinctive smell of freshly cut grass is partly due to the release of an aldehyde compound .

alcohol [noun]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

Ex: Ethylene glycol is an alcohol commonly used in antifreeze and as a coolant .

ketone [noun]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

Ex:

oxidation-reduction [noun]

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

Ex: The rusting of iron is an oxidation-reduction reaction where iron undergoes oxidation to form iron oxide ( rust ) .

molarity [noun]

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

Ex: If a solution has a molarity of 4 M , it means there are 4 moles of the solute in each liter of the solution .

electrolyte [noun]

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

Ex:

colloid [noun]

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

Ex: Aerosol sprays , like deodorants , are colloids with tiny liquid droplets in a gas .

corrosion [noun]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

Ex: Corrosion occurs when metal reacts with oxygen in the air .

alkali [noun]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

Ex: The chemist carefully measured the alkali to avoid a violent reaction .

ammonia [noun]

a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

Ex: The laboratory smelled of ammonia after the experiment .

alloy [noun]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

Ex: Stainless steel , an alloy of iron , chromium , and other elements , is highly resistant to corrosion and is used in a wide range of applications .

halogen [noun]

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

Ex: Bromine , a halogen with properties similar to chlorine , is employed as a disinfectant in swimming pools and hot tubs .

isotope [noun]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

Ex: Uranium-235 and uranium-238 are isotopes of uranium , playing crucial roles in nuclear fission reactions .

noble gas [noun]

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

Ex: Argon , a noble gas commonly used in welding , provides an inert atmosphere to prevent the oxidation of metals during the process .

emulsion [noun]

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

Ex: Milk is a natural emulsion of fat in water , stabilized by proteins like casein to prevent the fat from separating .

half-life [noun]

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

Ex: The half-life of a chemical reaction refers to the time it takes for the reactant concentration to decrease by half during a reaction .

depleted uranium [noun]

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

Ex: The military uses depleted uranium in armor-piercing ammunition and armor plating due to its high density and ability to penetrate armor .

solvent [noun]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

Ex:

charged [adjective]

having an electric charge

Ex:

combustion [noun]

a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, typically producing heat and light

Ex: Firefighters work to suppress the combustion of buildings by extinguishing flames and cooling hot surfaces .

C2 Level Wordlist
Size and Magnitude	Weight and Stability	Quantity	Intensity
Pace	Shapes	Importance and Essentiality	Commonness and Uniqueness
Difficulty and Challenge	Price and Luxuriousness	Quality	Success and Wealth
Failure and Poverty	Body Shape	Age and Appearance	Comprehension and Intelligence
Personal Traits	Emotional States	Trigerring Emotions	Feelings
Relationship Dynamics and Connections	Social and Moral Behaviors	Tastes and Smells	Sounds
Textures	Thoughts and Decisions	Complaint and Criticism	Harmony and Discord
Communication and Discussion	Body Language and Emotional Actions	Order and Permission	Advice and Influence
Honor and Admiration	Request and Answer	Attempt and Prevention	Changing and Forming
Movements	Preparing Food	Food and Drinks	Natural Environment
Animals	Weather and Temperature	Disaster and Pollution	Work Environment
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Hobbies and Routines	Sports	Arts	Cinema and Theater
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Philosophy	Linguistics	Politics	Law
Crime	Punishment	War and Army	Government
Education	Media	Technology and Internet	Marketing and Advertisement
Shopping	Business and Management	Finance	Scientific Fields and Studies
Medicine	Health Condition	Recovery and Treatment	Human Body
Psychology	Biology	Chemistry	Physics
Astronomy	Mathematics	Geology	Engineering
Measurement