Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Chemistry

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

entropia

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

substancja rozpuszczona

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

reagent, substrat

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

katalizator, substancja katalityczna

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

kataliza, przyspieszenie reakcji chemicznej

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

wiązanie kowalencyjne, więz środkowy

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

izomer

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polimer

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

monomer

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

węglowodór

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

ester

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

aldehyd

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

alkohol, alkohole

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

keton

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

reakcja utleniania-redukcji, reakcja redoks

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

molarność

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

elektrolit

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

koloid

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

korozja, niszczenie

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

alkalia, zasada

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

amoniak

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

stop metalu

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

halogen

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

izotop

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

gaz szlachetny, gaz obojętny

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

emulsja

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

czas półtrwania

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

uran wzbogacony, uran ubogi

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

rozpuszczalnik

having an electric charge

naładowany, elektryzowany