Danh Sách Từ Vựng Trình Độ C2 - Chemistry

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Bắt đầu học

entropy

[Danh từ]

a thermodynamic measure of the degree of disorder or randomness in a system, denoted by S

entropy, sự hỗn loạn nhiệt động lực học

Ex: When ice melts into water at a higher temperature, the entropy of the system increases.

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solute

[Danh từ]

a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution

chất tan, chất hòa tan

Ex: In saltwater, salt (NaCl) is the solute that dissolves in water, the solvent.

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reactant

[Danh từ]

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

chất phản ứng

Ex: In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) are the reactants that, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).

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catalyst

[Danh từ]

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

chất xúc tác, chất hoạt hóa

Ex: Enzymes are naturally occurring biological catalysts that allow complex metabolic reactions to proceed efficiently in living cells.

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catalysis

[Danh từ]

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

xúc tác, gia tốc xúc tác

Ex: Enzymatic catalysis plays a key role in biological processes, including the synthesis and breakdown of biomolecules in living organisms.

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covalent bond

[Danh từ]

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

liên kết cộng hóa trị, mối liên kết cộng hóa trị

Ex: Covalent bonds are like atoms sharing electron hugs to stick together.

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isomer

[Danh từ]

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

đồng phân, hợp chất đồng phân

Ex: Propanol and isopropanol are isomers, sharing the same molecular formula but differing in the arrangement of their atoms.

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polymer

[Danh từ]

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polyme, đại phân tử

Ex: Polyethylene is a common polymer used in the production of plastic bags, bottles, and various packaging materials.

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monomer

[Danh từ]

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

monome, phân tử monome

Ex: Ethylene is a monomer that polymerizes to form polyethylene, a widely used plastic.

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hydrocarbon

[Danh từ]

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

hydrocarbon, hợp chất hydro và carbon

Ex: Methane (CH₄) is the simplest hydrocarbon, belonging to the alkane group.

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ester

[Danh từ]

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

este, este hóa học

Ex: Ethyl acetate, an ester, is commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers.

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aldehyde

[Danh từ]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

andehit, hợp chất cacbonyl

Ex: Acetaldehyde is an aldehyde with a fruity odor, often used in the synthesis of chemicals.

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alcohol

[Danh từ]

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

rượu, etanol

Ex: Ethanol is the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and is commonly used as a solvent.

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ketone

[Danh từ]

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

xeton, hợp chất carbonyl

Ex: Acetone is a common ketone widely used as a solvent and nail polish remover.

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oxidation-reduction

[Danh từ]

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

phản ứng oxi hóa-khử, phản ứng oxi hóa khử

Ex: The combustion of wood is an oxidation-reduction reaction where wood undergoes oxidation, producing carbon dioxide and water.

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molarity

[Danh từ]

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

nồng độ mol, độ mol

Ex: A solution with a molarity of 0.5 M means there are 0.5 moles of solute in each liter of the solution.

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electrolyte

[Danh từ]

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

chất điện giải, chất điện ly

Ex: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a common electrolyte that dissociates into sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution.

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colloid

[Danh từ]

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

chất keo, hệ keo

Ex: Fog consists of small water droplets dispersed in the air, forming a colloid.

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corrosion

[Danh từ]

the gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction, usually of metals

ăn mòn

Ex: The pipes in the old house were heavily damaged by corrosion, resulting in leaks throughout the plumbing system.

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alkali

[Danh từ]

any water-soluble compound that can turn litmus blue and reacts with an acid to form a salt and water

kiềm, bazơ

Ex: Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali commonly used in soap making.

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ammonia

[Danh từ]

a sharp-smelling gas made of nitrogen and hydrogen

amoniac, amoni

Ex: Ammonia has a strong, sharp odor that can irritate the eyes and throat.

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alloy

[Danh từ]

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

hợp kim

Ex: An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and another element.

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halogen

[Danh từ]

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

halogen, nguyên tố halogen

Ex: Chlorine is a halogen commonly used in water treatment for its disinfectant properties.

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isotope

[Danh từ]

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

đồng vị, dạng đồng vị

Ex: Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons.

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noble gas

[Danh từ]

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

khí trơ, khí hiếm

Ex: Helium, a noble gas, is known for its low density and is often used in balloons to make them float.

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emulsion

[Danh từ]

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

nhũ tương, hỗn hợp hai chất lỏng

Ex: Mayonnaise is an example of an emulsion, with oil and vinegar forming a stable mixture through the addition of egg yolk as an emulsifying agent.

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half-life

[Danh từ]

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

chu kỳ bán rã, thời gian bán hủy

Ex: The half-life of a radioactive isotope determines the time it takes for half of the initial amount to decay into a stable product.

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depleted uranium

[Danh từ]

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

uranium cạn kiệt, uranium nghèo

Ex: Depleted uranium is a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process used in nuclear reactors.

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solvent

[Danh từ]

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

dung môi, chất hòa tan

Ex: Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve oils and perfume essences for the production of aftershaves and colognes.

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charged

[Tính từ]

having an electric charge

tích điện, nạp điện

Ex: The metal sphere became charged when it was rubbed with a woolen cloth.

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combustion

[Danh từ]

a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, typically producing heat and light

sự cháy, quá trình đốt cháy

Ex: The combustion of wood in the fireplace provided warmth and a cozy atmosphere in the living room.

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Danh Sách Từ Vựng Trình Độ C2
Psychology	Biology	Chemistry	Physics
Astronomy	Mathematics	Geology	Engineering
Measurement

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