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the process of removing and analyzing tissue from the body of a sick person to learn more about their condition
生検（せいけん）, バイオプシー
a flexible tube inserted into one's bladder, to drain and collect urine
カテーテル, 尿道カテーテル
a stitch or series of stitches made to secure the edges of a wound or surgical opening
縫合糸（ほうごうし）, 縫合（ほうごう）
a substance, usually smooth and oily, rubbed on the skin for medical purposes
軟膏（なんこう）, クリーム
a specific measure or quantity of liquid medication, typically prescribed for oral administration
液量, 処方量
a sweet-flavored small and often lozenge-shaped tablet that dissolves in one's mouth, usually taken for sore throat
トローチ, のど飴
a preventive measure or substance, such as a medication or treatment, taken to protect against the occurrence of a disease or other unwanted health condition
予防薬（よぼうやく）, 予防措置（よぼうそち）
a medication that induces sleep
催眠薬 (saimin'yaku), 睡眠薬 (suimin'yaku)
a type of medicine used when someone has a cold and a blocked nose to help them breathe more easily
去痰剤, 鼻スプレー
a substance or medication that inhibits the clotting of blood
抗凝固剤, 抗血栓薬
a pain-relieving medication
鎮痛剤 (ちんつうざい), 鎮痛薬 (ちんつうやく)
a system of noninvasive therapy that involves pressing and moving a person's joints or spine
カイロプラクティック, 脊椎矯正療法
a medical system that treats the disease by administering substances that mimic the symptoms of those diseases in healthy persons
ホメオパシー, 同種療法
a substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison
解毒剤 (げどくざい), 抗毒素 (こうどくそ)
a medical instrument used in auscultation for detecting sounds generated inside the body, such as heartbeat and breathing
聴診器, ステソスコープ
(of a drug) effective against viral infections caused by a virus
抗ウイルス薬, ウイルス感染治療薬
a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness
予後（よご）, 予測（よそく）
a medication that reduces fever by lowering body temperature
解熱剤, 抗熱剤
the mechanism by which a disease develops and progresses within the body
病因発生, 病理発生
the abnormal growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor or mass, often associated with cancer
腫瘍形成, 新生物
the spread of cancer cells from one part to other body parts
転移（てんい）, メタスタシス
a medical instrument used during the internal genitalia examination to dilate the opening of a body cavity
スペキュラム, 内診鏡
a medical laboratory test used to measure amylase enzyme levels in blood or urine for diagnosing pancreatic conditions
アミラーゼ検査, アミラーゼテスト
a medicine that helps open up the airways in the lungs for easier breathing
気管支拡張薬, 気管支拡張剤
a medical procedure that involves the administration of medication to dissolve blood clots
血栓溶解（けっせんようかい）, 血栓溶解療法（けっせんようかいりょうほう）
a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to visualize, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joint using a small camera and specialized instruments
関節鏡検査, 関節鏡手術
a procedure to examine the airways and lungs using a flexible tube with a camera
気管支鏡検査, ブロンコスコピー
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