the process of removing and analyzing tissue from the body of a sick person to learn more about their condition
活检
在活检过程中，会取出一小块组织样本在显微镜下进行检查。
a flexible tube inserted into one's bladder, to drain and collect urine
导管, 导尿管
导尿管常用于无法正常排尿的住院患者。
a surgical seam made to close a wound or incision
缝合, 缝线
为了修复深层裂伤，应用了缝合。
a substance, usually smooth and oily, rubbed on the skin for medical purposes
药膏, 软膏
药剂师为病人干燥和受刺激的皮肤推荐了一种舒缓的药膏。
a specific measure or quantity of liquid medication, typically prescribed for oral administration
一剂, 药水
a small tablet containing medicine, intended to dissolve slowly in the mouth
含片, 在口中溶解的药片
每隔几小时服用一片含片以缓解咳嗽。
a drug, vaccine, or treatment used to prevent infection or disease
预防药, 预防措施
他们研究了用于预防流感的新预防措施。
a medication that induces sleep
催眠药, 安眠药
偶尔难以入睡的人可以使用非处方催眠药物来短期缓解。
a type of medicine used when someone has a cold and a blocked nose to help them breathe more easily
减充血剂, 缓解鼻塞的药物
非处方减充血剂能快速缓解鼻窦压力和鼻塞。
a substance or medication that inhibits the clotting of blood
抗凝剂, 血液稀释剂
髋关节置换手术后，骨科医生推荐了一种抗凝剂以预防术后血栓形成。
a pain-relieving medication
镇痛药
医生开了止痛药来缓解病人持续的腰痛。
a medical system that treats the disease by administering substances that mimic the symptoms of those diseases in healthy persons
顺势疗法
医学界正在持续争论顺势疗法是否超出了安慰剂效应而有效。
a substance that counteracts or controls the effects of a poison
解毒剂, 抗毒药
在意外中毒的情况下，了解给受影响的人施用的适当解毒剂很重要。
a medical instrument used in auscultation for detecting sounds generated inside the body, such as heartbeat and breathing
听诊器, 医用听诊器
护士在准备巡视医院病房时，将听诊器挂在脖子上。
a drug that fights viral infections
抗病毒药, 抗病毒药物
抗病毒药物是HIV/AIDS治疗方案中的一个重要组成部分。
a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness
预后
尽管预后不佳，患者仍然充满希望并决心与癌症作斗争。
a medication that reduces fever by lowering body temperature
退烧药, 解热药
退烧药是一种常用于成人退烧的药物。
the mechanism by which a disease develops and progresses within the body
发病机制, 疾病发展和进展的机制
研究正在进行中，以揭示阿尔茨海默病的发病机制。
the abnormal growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor or mass, often associated with cancer
瘤形成, 肿瘤形成
肿瘤形成的存在可能表明癌性生长。
the spread of cancer cells from one part to other body parts
转移, 转移性扩散
早期检测转移对有效治疗至关重要。
a medical instrument used during the internal genitalia examination to dilate the opening of a body cavity
窥器, 阴道窥器
护士协助医生将患者定位进行窥器检查，确保舒适和适当的可视化。
a medical laboratory test used to measure amylase enzyme levels in blood or urine for diagnosing pancreatic conditions
淀粉酶测试, 淀粉酶检查
淀粉酶测试证实了急性胰腺炎的诊断，因为患者出现腹痛和血清酶水平升高。
a medicine that helps open up the airways in the lungs for easier breathing
支气管扩张剂, 支气管舒张药
吸入器是给予支气管扩张剂药物的便捷方式。
a medical procedure that involves the administration of medication to dissolve blood clots
溶栓, 溶解血栓
医生进行了 血栓溶解 以溶解患者动脉中的血块。
a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows doctors to visualize, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joint using a small camera and specialized instruments
关节镜检查
外科医生使用关节镜检查来移除松动的软骨或骨碎片。
a procedure to examine the airways and lungs using a flexible tube with a camera
支气管镜检查
在支气管镜检查过程中，医生将支气管镜通过患者的鼻子或嘴巴插入，并引导其进入肺部以检查气道并收集组织样本进行活检。
