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自然科学 SAT - 生化学と細胞構造
ここでは、SAT を取得するために必要な「脂質」、「酵素」、「組織」など、生化学や細胞構造に関連する英単語を学びます。
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クイズ
a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber
セルロース
a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks
果糖
a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms
グルコース
a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body
ペプチド
a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity
カロテノイド
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
酵素
the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions
プロテオーム
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
ヌクレオチド
a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed
単糖類
a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
グルタミン酸
a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances
酸化防止剤
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
脂質
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
オルガネラ
relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production
ミトコンドリア
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
細胞質
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
クロロフィル
a type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures throughout the body, serving protective, absorptive, and secretory functions
上皮
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
ゴルジ体
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
リボソーム
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
リソソーム
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
液胞
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
葉緑体
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
細胞骨格
a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals
形態学
