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Přírodní Vědy SAT - Biochemie a buněčná struktura
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s biochemií a buněčnou strukturou, jako je „lipid“, „enzym“ a „tkáň“, která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.
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a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber
celulóza, celulosa
a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks
fruktóza, ovocný cukr
a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body
peptid, peptidová řetězec
a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity
karotenoid, karotin
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
enzym, enzymová látka
the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions
proteom, soubor proteinů
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nukleotid, nukleová jednotka
a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed
monosacharid, jednoduchý cukr
a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
glutamát, glutamová sůl
a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances
antioxidant, protizánětlivá látka
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
organela, specializovaná buněčná struktura
relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production
mitochondriální, mitochondriálního
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
cytoplazma, cytoplasma
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
chlorofyl, zelené barvivo
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
membrána, vrstva
a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts
tkáň, přenášená látka
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
Golgiho aparát, Golgiho těleso
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
ribozom, ribozóm
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
lyzozom, lyzozom
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
vakuola, vakuoly
(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information
jádro, nukleus
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
chloroplast, chloroplastida
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
cytoskelet, cytokelet
a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues
kambiová vrstva, vaskulární kambium
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