SAT自然科学 - 生物化学和细胞结构
在这里,您将学习一些与生物化学和细胞结构相关的英语单词,例如“脂质”、“酶”和“组织”,这些都是您在 SAT 考试中取得好成绩所需要的。
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a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber
纤维素
a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms
葡萄糖
a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body
肽
a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity
类胡萝卜素
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
酶
the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions
蛋白质组
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
核苷酸
a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed
单糖
a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
谷氨酸盐
a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances
抗氧化剂
any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
脂类
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
细胞器
relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production
线粒体的
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
细胞质
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
叶绿素
a type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures throughout the body, serving protective, absorptive, and secretory functions
上皮
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
高尔基体
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
核糖体
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
溶酶体
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
液泡
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
叶绿体
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
细胞骨架
a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals
形态学
a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues
形成层