SAT 자연과학 - 생화학 및 세포 구조

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

셀룰로오스

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

과당

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

포도당

a short chain of amino acids linked together, which can function as a building block for proteins or act as a signaling molecule in the body

펩타이드

a type of pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, responsible for bright red, yellow, and orange colors and important for photosynthesis and antioxidant activity

카로티노이드

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

효소

the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific time under defined conditions

프로테옴

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

뉴클레오타이드

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

단당류

a fundamental compound derived from glutamic acid, integral to biological functions and known for its role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

글루타메이트

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

항산화제

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

지질

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

세포 소기관

relating to or characteristic of mitochondria, which are organelles found in cells responsible for energy production

미토콘드리아의

the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures

세포질

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

클로로필

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

막

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

조직

a type of tissue that lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures throughout the body, serving protective, absorptive, and secretory functions

상피

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

골지체

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

리보솜

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

리소좀

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

액포

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

핵

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

엽록체

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

세포골격

a branch of biology concerning the scientific study of the form and structure of an organism including plants and animals

형태학

(biology) taking place inside one cell or more

세포 내의

a layer of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for secondary growth by producing new xylem and phloem tissues

캠비움