ケンブリッジIELTS 19 - アカデミック - テスト3 - リーディング - パッセージ3 (4)

used to introduce a hypothetical or conditional situation that contrasts with reality, implying that regardless of whether a certain condition is fulfilled or not, the outcome or action mentioned will still occur

to match the same qualities as someone or something

to be the same as or similar to something else

a conceptual separation or distinction

to emphasize the importance of something by making it seem more noticeable

to help or support the progress or development of something

the feeling of being happy or comfortable in a specific situation or group

a group of people having a religion, ethnic, profession, or other particular characteristic in common

a language or a simplified communication system that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages

someone who held a position, office, or role before another person

having a design or use that effectively serves a specific need

to decrease in degree, size, etc.

to stay in a consistent state or condition without changing over time, despite external factors

an object or thing used in place of another

difficult to notice or detect because of its slight or delicate nature

absolutely necessary and of great importance

to be inherently associated with an entity or an event

easily recognized due to prior contact or involvement, often evoking a sense of comfort or ease

a defining or distinctive feature of something

to provide help or support to someone or something

the subject matter or information covered in a speech, literary work, or other forms of communication, distinct from its style or presentation

having special and practical knowledge of a particular subject, art, craft, etc.

to mention something or someone particularly in speech or writing

to regard someone or something in a certain way

not wanted or considered unpleasant

to have something in mind as a plan or purpose

causing a feeling of shock, disbelief, or wonder

a certain degree of unwillingness

capable of being accepted or explained as reasonable given the circumstances

the necessary things that you need for doing a particular activity or job

spoken descriptions given in a movie or a television show, etc. by a narrator that is not seen by the audience

in a way that is acceptable or proper

to make something stay in the same state or condition

a feeling of being uneasy, troubled, or worried about something such as problem, threat, uncertainty, etc.

to be or act in accordance with a rule, standard, etc.

suggesting a substantial contrast from what is expected or desired

used to show that something happened or is true, even though there was a difficulty or obstacle that might have prevented it

in every part of a particular area or location

with everything considered

operated by automation

someone who comes to live in a foreign country

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

used to refer to the specific matter or topic being discussed or considered

focused on actions and real-life use, rather than on just ideas or theories

to change the original language of a movie or TV show into another language

to undergo a gradual or noticeable change in form, shape, or appearance