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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 高慢と偏見

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「賞賛する」「趣味」「嫌悪する」など、プライドと偏見に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
admiration
[名詞]

a feeling of much respect for and approval of someone or something

賞賛, 尊敬

賞賛, 尊敬

Ex: He spoke about his mentor with deep admiration, crediting her for his success and inspiration .彼は自分のメンターについて深い**賞賛**を込めて話し、自分の成功とインスピレーションを彼女のおかげだと認めた。
to admire
[動詞]

to express respect toward someone or something often due to qualities, achievements, etc.

賞賛する

賞賛する

Ex: The community admires the local philanthropist for their generosity and commitment to charitable causes .コミュニティは、地元の慈善家の寛大さと慈善事業への献身を**称賛**しています。
biased
[形容詞]

having a preference or unfair judgment toward one side or viewpoint over others

偏った, 不公平な

偏った, 不公平な

Ex: It's important to consider multiple sources of information to avoid being biased in your conclusions.結論において**偏見**を持たないように、複数の情報源を考慮することが重要です。
disgust
[名詞]

a strong feeling of distaste for someone or something

嫌悪, 不快感

嫌悪, 不快感

Ex: She felt a wave of disgust wash over her as she discovered the unsanitary conditions of the public restroom.彼女は公衆トイレの不衛生な状態を発見したとき、**嫌悪感**の波が押し寄せるのを感じた。
taste
[名詞]

the ability to recognize something with good quality or high standard, especially in art, style, beauty, etc., based on personal preferences

趣味

趣味

Ex: Developing a sophisticated taste in fashion often involves exploring different styles and understanding personal preferences .ファッションにおいて洗練された**趣味**を発展させることは、しばしば異なるスタイルを探求し、個人的な好みを理解することを含みます。
preference
[名詞]

a strong liking for one option or choice over another based on personal taste, favor, etc.

好み

好み

Ex: The candidate 's policy proposals align closely with the preferences of young voters .候補者の政策提案は、若い有権者の**好み**に密接に沿っています。
to despise
[動詞]

to hate and have no respect for something or someone

軽蔑する, 憎む

軽蔑する, 憎む

Ex: We despise cruelty to animals and support organizations that work to protect them .私たちは動物への残酷さを**軽蔑し**、それらを保護するために働く組織を支援しています。
to detest
[動詞]

to absolutely hate someone or something

嫌う, 憎む

嫌う, 憎む

Ex: We detest dishonesty and value truthfulness and integrity.私たちは不誠実を**嫌い**、真実性と誠実さを大切にしています。
to favor
[動詞]

to treat someone better than someone else, especially in an unfair manner

ひいきする, 優遇する

ひいきする, 優遇する

Ex: It 's unfair when they favor people based on who they know .知り合いによって人を**優遇する**のは不公平だ。
to find
[動詞]

(of a law court) to make an official decision

判決を下す, 決定する

判決を下す, 決定する

Ex: The judge found the defendant guilty of theft and sentenced him to prison.
appeal
[名詞]

the attraction and allure that makes one interesting

魅力, 吸引力

魅力, 吸引力

Ex: The scenic beauty of the beach enhances its appeal.ビーチの風景の美しさはその**魅力**を高めます。
to adore
[動詞]

to love and respect someone very much

崇拝する, 敬愛する

崇拝する, 敬愛する

Ex: They adore their parents for the sacrifices they 've made for the family .彼らは家族のために払った犠牲に対して両親を**崇拝しています**。
to please
[動詞]

to make someone satisfied or happy

満足させる, 喜ばせる

満足させる, 喜ばせる

Ex: He pleases his parents by cleaning up the house before they return from their trip .彼は旅行から帰る前に家を掃除して両親を**喜ばせます**。
to contest
[動詞]

to formally oppose or challenge a decision or a statement

争う, 異議を唱える

争う, 異議を唱える

Ex: They filed paperwork to contest the patent granted to their competitor .彼らは競争相手に与えられた特許を**争う**ために書類を提出した。
criteria
[名詞]

the particular characteristics that are considered when evaluating something

基準, 条件

基準, 条件

Ex: The criteria for this research study include patient age and medical history .この研究の**基準**には、患者の年齢と病歴が含まれます。
to commit
[動詞]

to be dedicated to a person, cause, policy, etc.

専念する, 献身する

専念する, 献身する

Ex: They committed their resources to environmental protection .彼らは環境保護に資源を**捧げました**。
inflexible
[形容詞]

reluctant to compromise or change one's attitude, belief, plan, etc.

柔軟性のない, 頑固な

柔軟性のない, 頑固な

Ex: Despite the new evidence presented , he remained inflexible in his opinion .新しい証拠が提示されたにもかかわらず、彼は自分の意見に**柔軟性がない**ままでした。
free will
[名詞]

the idea that human beings have the agency to decide independently without being controlled by any outside influences

自由意志

自由意志

Ex: The philosophical debate centered around whether humans truly have free will.哲学的議論は、人間が本当に**自由意志**を持っているかどうかを中心に展開した。
acceptable
[形容詞]

capable of being approved

受け入れ可能な, 承認可能な

受け入れ可能な, 承認可能な

Ex: The temperature of the food was acceptable for serving .料理の温度は提供するのに**許容できる**ものでした。
dilemma
[名詞]

a situation that is difficult because a choice must be made between two or more options that are equally important

ジレンマ

ジレンマ

Ex: The environmentalists faced a dilemma: support clean energy projects that displaced local communities or oppose them for social justice reasons .環境保護論者は**ジレンマ**に直面した:地元コミュニティを追いやるクリーンエネルギー事業を支持するか、社会的正義の理由でそれらに反対するか。
compromise
[名詞]

a middle state between two opposing situations that is reached by slightly changing both of them, so that they can coexist

妥協

妥協

Ex: The new agreement was a compromise that took both cultural and legal perspectives into account .新しい合意は、文化的および法的な視点の両方を考慮した**妥協**でした。
to settle
[動詞]

to follow a more secure and stable lifestyle with a permanent job and home

落ち着く,  定住する

落ち着く, 定住する

Ex: He was ready to settle, finding a secure job and a house to call his own .彼は**落ち着く**準備ができており、安定した仕事と自分の家を見つけました。
persuasion
[名詞]

a set of personal beliefs mostly religious and political

信念, 信仰

信念, 信仰

repulsion
[名詞]

intense hatred or disgust

嫌悪, 強い嫌悪感

嫌悪, 強い嫌悪感

grudge
[名詞]

a deep feeling of anger and dislike toward someone because of what they did in the past

恨み, 怨念

恨み, 怨念

Ex: She tried to forgive , but the grudge from the betrayal lingered .彼女は許そうとしたが、裏切りの **恨み** が残った。
foe
[名詞]

an opponent or enemy

敵, 相手

敵, 相手

Ex: The company viewed the new competitor as a formidable foe in the market .同社は新たな競合他社を市場における手ごわい **敵** と見なした。
picky
[形容詞]

(of a person) extremely careful with their choices and hard to please

選り好みする, うるさい

選り好みする, うるさい

Ex: The picky customer returned the product because it did n't meet their exact specifications .**うるさい**顧客は、製品が彼らの正確な仕様を満たしていなかったため、返品しました。
judgment
[名詞]

an opinion that is formed after thinking carefully

判断, 意見

判断, 意見

Ex: His judgment was clouded by personal bias , leading to an unfair decision .
resentment
[名詞]

the feeling of anger and dissatisfaction because one thinks something is unfair

憤り

憤り

TOEFL のための基本語彙
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