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Słownictwo do IELTS General (Wynik 8-9) - Społeczeństwo i Wydarzenia Społeczne

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Vocabulary for General Training IELTS (8-9)
rat race
rat race
[Rzeczownik]

a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure

wyścig szczurów, nieustanna pogoń za sukcesem

wyścig szczurów, nieustanna pogoń za sukcesem

Ex: He left the rat race and moved to a small town by the sea. 
anomie
anomie
[Rzeczownik]

a state of personal instability, isolation, or anxiety caused by a breakdown of social norms or regulation

anomia, dezintegracja społeczna

anomia, dezintegracja społeczna

Ex: After losing his job, he experienced a deep sense of anomie and purposelessness. 
caste
caste
[Rzeczownik]

a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

kasta, system kastowy

kasta, system kastowy

Ex: The caste system in India historically divided society into hierarchical groups based on birth, occupation, and social status. 
sorority
sorority
[Rzeczownik]

a social club for female students in a university or college, especially in the US and Canada

siostrzeństwo, żeńskie stowarzyszenie studenckie

siostrzeństwo, żeńskie stowarzyszenie studenckie

Ex: Joining a sorority can provide students with opportunities for leadership, friendship, and community service. 
ally
ally
[Rzeczownik]

someone who helps or supports someone else in certain activities or against someone else

sojusznik, zwolennik

sojusznik, zwolennik

Ex: She found a reliable ally in her coworker, who always supported her ideas during meetings. 
civics
civics
[Rzeczownik]

the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens in society

wiedza o społeczeństwie, edukacja obywatelska

wiedza o społeczeństwie, edukacja obywatelska

Ex: Civics education is essential for fostering informed and engaged citizens who can participate effectively in democratic society. 
denizen
denizen
[Rzeczownik]

a resident in a particular place

mieszkaniec, rezydent

mieszkaniec, rezydent

Ex: As a longtime denizen of the small coastal town, he knew everyone by name and their life stories 
global village
global village
[Rzeczownik]

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

globalna wioska, wioska światowa

globalna wioska, wioska światowa

Ex: The internet has transformed the world into a global village, allowing people from different continents to communicate instantaneously. 
grass roots
grass roots
[Rzeczownik]

the ordinary people with a common interest who form the foundation of a movement, organization, or political party

zwykli członkowie, baza oddolna

zwykli członkowie, baza oddolna

Ex: The movement started from the grass roots and grew nationwide. 
intersectionality
intersectionality
[Rzeczownik]

a concept that recognizes how different forms of discrimination and oppression, such as race, gender, and class, interact with each other

intersekcjonalność, podejście intersekcjonalne

intersekcjonalność, podejście intersekcjonalne

Ex: Intersectionality acknowledges that individuals experience discrimination or privilege based on the intersection of multiple social identities, not just one. 
othering
othering
[Rzeczownik]

the act of defining and labeling individuals or groups as different from oneself or the dominant social group

inność, wykluczenie

inność, wykluczenie

Ex: Othering often leads to the marginalization and dehumanization of individuals or groups who are perceived as different or inferior. 
polity
polity
[Rzeczownik]

the specific form or system of government of a society or institution

polity, system rządów

polity, system rządów

Ex: The church adopted a new polity emphasizing local autonomy. 
senior citizen
senior citizen
[Rzeczownik]

an old person, especially someone who is retired

senior, emeryt

senior, emeryt

Ex: As a senior citizen, he enjoys the discounts offered at local stores and restaurants. 
commoner
commoner
[Rzeczownik]

a person that does not belong to the upper class of the society

pospólstwo, zwykły człowiek

pospólstwo, zwykły człowiek

Ex: In feudal societies, commoners made up the majority of the population and typically worked as farmers, artisans, or laborers. 
inferior
inferior
[Rzeczownik]

a person with a lower position than someone else

podwładny, niższy rangą

podwładny, niższy rangą

Ex: In hierarchical societies, those considered inferiors often have limited opportunities for advancement and face discrimination based on their social status. 
vigil
vigil
[Rzeczownik]

a spiritual observance involving staying awake, praying, or meditating, often held before a holy day or event

czuwanie, wigilia

czuwanie, wigilia

Ex: They participated in the Easter vigil at midnight. 
panel
panel
[Rzeczownik]

a group of people with special skills or knowledge who have been brought together to discuss, give advice, or make a decision about an issue

panel, grupa ekspertów

panel, grupa ekspertów

Ex: The panel of experts discussed the challenges facing the education system. 
fundraiser
fundraiser
[Rzeczownik]

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

zbiórka funduszy, wydarzenie charytatywne

zbiórka funduszy, wydarzenie charytatywne

Ex: The nonprofit organization organized a successful fundraiser to raise funds for humanitarian aid in disaster-affected areas. 
gala
gala
[Rzeczownik]

a splendid public celebration

gala

gala

soiree
soiree
[Rzeczownik]

an elegant gathering or party that is usually held in the evening

wieczorek

wieczorek

Ex: The ambassador hosted a lavish soiree at the embassy, inviting diplomats, dignitaries, and local elites. 
public spirit
public spirit
[Rzeczownik]

a sense of community concern and willingness to contribute to the public good

duch obywatelski, poczucie dobra publicznego

duch obywatelski, poczucie dobra publicznego

Ex: Civic-minded individuals who volunteer their time and resources demonstrate a strong public spirit, contributing to the betterment of their communities. 
social capital
social capital
[Rzeczownik]

the collective value of social networks and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other

kapitał społeczny, kapitał relacyjny

kapitał społeczny, kapitał relacyjny

Ex: Communities with high levels of social capital tend to have stronger bonds among residents, leading to greater resilience and support during times of adversity. 
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