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Словарный запас для IELTS Academic (Оценка 5) - Chemistry

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с химией, которые необходимы для базового академического экзамена IELTS.

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
atom
atom
[существительное]

(science) the smallest part of a chemical element that is found in the nature

атом

атом

Ex: The atom is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. 
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molecule
molecule
[существительное]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

молекула

молекула

Ex: Molecules are made up of two or more atoms bonded together. 
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element
element
[существительное]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

элемент

элемент

Ex: Oxygen is an essential element for human respiration. 
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ion
ion
[существительное]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ион

ион

Ex: Sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) combine to form table salt. 
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reaction
reaction
[существительное]

(chemistry) a process in which several chemicals combine and form different substances

реакция

реакция

Ex: The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen produces water. 
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mixture
mixture
[существительное]

(chemistry) a combination of two or more substances without forming a chemical bond or any chemical reaction

смесь

смесь

Ex: Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases. 
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acid
acid
[существительное]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

кислота

кислота

Ex: The lemon juice contains citric acid, which gives it a sour taste and a pH of around 2. 
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base
base
[существительное]

(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

основание

основание

Ex: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base used in soap-making. 
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gas
gas
[существительное]

the state of a substance that is neither solid nor liquid

газ

газ

Ex: The gas in the balloon expanded as it was heated by the sun. 
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liquid
liquid
[существительное]

a substance such as water that flows freely, unlike a gas or a solid

жидкость

жидкость

Ex: Water is the most common liquid on Earth, essential for all forms of life. 
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solid
solid
[существительное]

a substance that is firm and has a certain shape, not like gas or liquid

твердое вещество

твердое вещество

Ex: Ice is a solid that maintains its shape until it melts. 
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to transition
to transition
[глагол]

to make something change from a particular state, condition or position to another

переменить

переменить

Ex: The government transitioned the economy from industrial to service-based. 
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pH
pH
[существительное]

a quantitive mesasure used for determining how acidic or alkanic something is on a scale of 0 to 14

pH

pH

Ex: Lemon juice has a pH of 2, making it highly acidic. 
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