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IELTS Academicの語彙 (スコア5) - Chemistry

ここでは、基礎学術IELTS試験に必要な化学に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
atom
atom
[名詞]

(science) the smallest part of a chemical element that is found in the nature

原子, 素粒子

原子, 素粒子

Ex: The atom is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. 
molecule
molecule
[名詞]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

分子

分子

Ex: Molecules are made up of two or more atoms bonded together. 
element
element
[名詞]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

元素, 成分

元素, 成分

Ex: Oxygen is an essential element for human respiration. 
ion
ion
[名詞]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

イオン, 荷電粒子

イオン, 荷電粒子

Ex: Sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) combine to form table salt. 
reaction
reaction
[名詞]

(chemistry) a process in which several chemicals combine and form different substances

反応

反応

Ex: The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen produces water. 
mixture
mixture
[名詞]

(chemistry) a combination of two or more substances without forming a chemical bond or any chemical reaction

混合物

混合物

Ex: Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases. 
acid
acid
[名詞]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

酸, 酸性物質

酸, 酸性物質

Ex: The lemon juice contains citric acid, which gives it a sour taste and a pH of around 2. 
base
base
[名詞]

(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

塩基

塩基

Ex: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base used in soap-making. 
gas
gas
[名詞]

the state of a substance that is neither solid nor liquid

ガス

ガス

Ex: The gas in the balloon expanded as it was heated by the sun. 
liquid
liquid
[名詞]

a substance such as water that flows freely, unlike a gas or a solid

液体

液体

Ex: Water is the most common liquid on Earth, essential for all forms of life. 
solid
solid
[名詞]

a substance that is firm and has a certain shape, not like gas or liquid

固体, 固形物

固体, 固形物

Ex: Ice is a solid that maintains its shape until it melts. 
to transition

to make something change from a particular state, condition or position to another

移行する, 遷移を行う

移行する, 遷移を行う

Ex: The government transitioned the economy from industrial to service-based. 
pH
pH
[名詞]

a quantitive mesasure used for determining how acidic or alkanic something is on a scale of 0 to 14

pH

pH

Ex: Lemon juice has a pH of 2, making it highly acidic. 
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