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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 5) - Chemistry

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 5)
atom
atom
[substantiv]

(science) the smallest part of a chemical element that is found in the nature

atom, particulă elementară

atom, particulă elementară

Ex: The atom is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. 
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molecule
molecule
[substantiv]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

moleculă

moleculă

Ex: Molecules are made up of two or more atoms bonded together. 
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element
element
[substantiv]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

element, component

element, component

Ex: Oxygen is an essential element for human respiration. 
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ion
ion
[substantiv]

a particle with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of one or more electrons

ion, partică încărcată

ion, partică încărcată

Ex: Sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) combine to form table salt. 
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reaction
reaction
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a process in which several chemicals combine and form different substances

reacție

reacție

Ex: The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen produces water. 
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mixture
mixture
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a combination of two or more substances without forming a chemical bond or any chemical reaction

amestec

amestec

Ex: Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases. 
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acid
acid
[substantiv]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

acid, substanță acidă

acid, substanță acidă

Ex: The lemon juice contains citric acid, which gives it a sour taste and a pH of around 2. 
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base
base
[substantiv]

(chemistry) a substance that can accept protons, donate electrons, or release hydroxide ions in aqueous solution

bază

bază

Ex: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base used in soap-making. 
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gas
gas
[substantiv]

the state of a substance that is neither solid nor liquid

gaz

gaz

Ex: The gas in the balloon expanded as it was heated by the sun. 
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liquid
liquid
[substantiv]

a substance such as water that flows freely, unlike a gas or a solid

lichid

lichid

Ex: Water is the most common liquid on Earth, essential for all forms of life. 
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solid
solid
[substantiv]

a substance that is firm and has a certain shape, not like gas or liquid

solid, corp solid

solid, corp solid

Ex: Ice is a solid that maintains its shape until it melts. 
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to transition

to make something change from a particular state, condition or position to another

tranziționa, face tranziția

tranziționa, face tranziția

Ex: The government transitioned the economy from industrial to service-based. 
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pH
pH
[substantiv]

a quantitive mesasure used for determining how acidic or alkanic something is on a scale of 0 to 14

pH

pH

Ex: Lemon juice has a pH of 2, making it highly acidic. 
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