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Естественные Науки SAT - Химия
Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с химией, такие как «полимер», «изотоп», «реактивный» и т. д., которые вам понадобятся для успешной сдачи SAT.
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a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
полимер
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
изотоп
containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions
радиоактивный
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
Ковалентная связь
a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond
двойная связь
defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water
гидрофильный
characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water
гидрофобный
a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase
экзотермическая реакция
a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease
эндотермическая реакция
the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes
атомная масса
the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance
молекулярная масса
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
массовое число
a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12
моль
a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory
мензурка
a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid
пипетка
a device that spins samples to separate components based on density
центрифуга
a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels
индикаторная бумага
a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties
периодическая таблица
the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid
обызвествление
a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed
титрование
the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases
ферментация
the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution
концентрация
a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale
микрозонд
a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions
многокомпонентный сплав
a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule
a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research
анализ
a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products
равновесие
(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it
электролиз
to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid
разбавлять
to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling
приостанавливать
the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution
солюбилизация
the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level
микроструктура
a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties
нанотрубка
a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries
фаза
denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals
кристаллический
a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals
кристаллограф
a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe
космохимик
a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase
хроматография
a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa
бета-распад
a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it
конденсатор
weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles
войска Ван дер Вааля
a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications
металлург
the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer
адсорбция
a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease
биодизель
a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure
эвтектический
