Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam SAT - Chemistry

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polimer

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotop

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

reaktif, reaktif

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktif, radioaktif

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

ikatan kovalen, ikatan kovale

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

ikatan ganda, ikat rangkap

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

hidrofilik

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

hidrofobik, menolak air

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

reaksi eksotermik, reaksi yang melepaskan panas

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

reaksi endotermik, reaksi yang menyerap panas

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

massa atom, massa atom rata-rata

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

massa molekul, massa sebuah molekul

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

angka massa, massa atom

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mol

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

gelas, wadah

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

pipet

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

sentifuger, alat sentrifugasi

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

kertas indikator, kertas uji

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

tabel periodik, tabel unsur

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

kalsifikasi, kalsifikasi

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

titrasi, pengukuran

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

fermentasi

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

konsentrasi, isi

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

mikroprobes

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

paduan multi komponen, paduan dengan beberapa komponen

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

radikal, radikal kimia

a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research

analisis, ujian

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

kesetimbangan dinamis, kesetimbangan kimia

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

elektrolisis

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

melarutkan, larut

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

encerkan, dilutkan

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

menangguhkan, mendistribusikan

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

solubilitas, penghancuran

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

mikrostruktur, struktur mikroskopis

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

nanotube

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

cair, lebur

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

fase, keadaan

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

detoksifikasi, menetralkan zat berbahaya

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

kristalin, kristalis

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

krystalografer

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

kosmokimia

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

kromatografi

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

peluruhan beta, decay beta

not having an electrical charge

tidak terisi, netral

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

kondensor, perangkat kondensasi

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

gaya Van der Waals, interaksi Van der Waals

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

metallurg

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

adsorpsi, perlekatan permukaan

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

biodiesel, bahan bakar nabati

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

eutektoid

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

superabsorben, zat superabsorben