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SAT Khoa học tự nhiên - Chemistry

Tại đây, bạn sẽ học một số từ tiếng Anh liên quan đến hóa học, chẳng hạn như "polymer", "đồng vị", "phản ứng", v.v. mà bạn sẽ cần để đạt điểm cao trong kỳ thi SAT của mình.

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Bắt đầu học
SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
polymer

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polyme

polyme

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[Danh từ]
isotope

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

đồng vị

đồng vị

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[Danh từ]
reactive

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

phản ứng

phản ứng

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[Tính từ]
radioactive

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

phóng xạ

phóng xạ

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[Tính từ]
covalent bond

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

liên kết cộng hóa trị

liên kết cộng hóa trị

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[Danh từ]
double bond

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

liên kết đôi

liên kết đôi

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[Danh từ]
hydrophilic

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

ưa nước

ưa nước

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[Tính từ]
hydrophobic

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

kỵ nước

kỵ nước

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[Tính từ]
exothermic reaction

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

phản ứng tỏa nhiệt

phản ứng tỏa nhiệt

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[Danh từ]
endothermic reaction

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

phản ứng nội nhiệt

phản ứng nội nhiệt

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[Danh từ]
atomic mass

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

khối lượng nguyên tử

khối lượng nguyên tử

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[Danh từ]
molecular mass

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

khối lượng phân tử

khối lượng phân tử

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[Danh từ]
mass number

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

số khối

số khối

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[Danh từ]
mole

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mol

mol

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[Danh từ]
beaker

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

cốc

cốc

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[Danh từ]
pipette

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

pipet

pipet

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[Danh từ]
centrifuge

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

máy ly tâm

máy ly tâm

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[Danh từ]
indicator paper

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

giấy chỉ thị

giấy chỉ thị

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[Danh từ]
periodic table

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

bảng tuần hoàn

bảng tuần hoàn

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[Danh từ]
calcification

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

khoáng hóa

khoáng hóa

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[Danh từ]
titration

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

phân tích chuẩn độ

phân tích chuẩn độ

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[Danh từ]
fermentation

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

lên men

lên men

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[Danh từ]
concentration

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

nồng độ

nồng độ

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[Danh từ]
microprobe

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

mạch vi mô

mạch vi mô

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[Danh từ]
multicomponent alloy

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

chì hợp kim đa thành phần

chì hợp kim đa thành phần

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[Danh từ]
radical

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

gốc

gốc

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[Danh từ]
assay

a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research

phân tích

phân tích

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[Danh từ]
equilibrium

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

cân bằng động

cân bằng động

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[Danh từ]
electrolysis

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

điện phân

điện phân

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[Danh từ]
to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

hòa tan

hòa tan

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[Động từ]
to dilute

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

pha loãng

pha loãng

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[Động từ]
to suspend

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

treo

treo

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[Động từ]
solubilization

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

sự hòa tan

sự hòa tan

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[Danh từ]
microstructure

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

cấu trúc vi mô

cấu trúc vi mô

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[Danh từ]
nanotube

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

nanotube

nanotube

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[Danh từ]
molten

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

chảy

chảy

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[Tính từ]
phase

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

giai đoạn

giai đoạn

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[Danh từ]
to detoxify

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

thải độc

thải độc

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[Động từ]
crystalline

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

kết tinh

kết tinh

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[Tính từ]
crystallographer

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

nhà tinh thể học

nhà tinh thể học

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[Danh từ]
cosmochemist

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

hóa học vũ trụ

hóa học vũ trụ

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[Danh từ]
chromatography

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

k chromatografi

k chromatografi

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[Danh từ]
beta decay

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

phân rã beta

phân rã beta

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[Danh từ]
uncharged

not having an electrical charge

không tích điện

không tích điện

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[Tính từ]
condenser

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

bộ ngưng tụ

bộ ngưng tụ

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[Danh từ]
van der waal's forces

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

lực Van der Waals

lực Van der Waals

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[Danh từ]
metallurgist

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

kỹ sư luyện kim

kỹ sư luyện kim

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[Danh từ]
adsorption

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

hấp phụ

hấp phụ

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[Danh từ]
biodiesel

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

biodiesel

biodiesel

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[Danh từ]
eutectic

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

hỗn hợp eutectic

hỗn hợp eutectic

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[Danh từ]
superabsorbent

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

chất siêu hấp thụ

chất siêu hấp thụ

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[Danh từ]
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