Mga Likas na Agham ng SAT - Chemistry

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

polimer

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

isotop

having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions

reaktibo, reaktiba

containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions

radioaktibo, radioaktibo

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

covalent bond, buhol covalent

a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond

dobleng bono, dobleng ugnayan

defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water

haydrofil

characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water

hidropobiko, humahadlang tubig

a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase

exothermic na reaksyon, reaksyon na naglalabas ng init

a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease

endothermic na reaksyon, reaksyon na sumasakit ng init

the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes

atomic mass, karaniwang atomic mass

the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance

molekular na masa, masa ng isang molekula

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

mass number, numero ng masa

a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12

mole

a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory

beaker, lalagyan

a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid

pipet

a device that spins samples to separate components based on density

sentripugador, sentripugado

a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels

indikator na papel, test na papel

a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties

periodic table, talahanang periodic

the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid

kalkipikasyon, kalkipikasyon

a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed

titrasyon, pagsukat

the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases

fermentasyon

the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution

konsetrasiyon, nilalaman

a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale

mikroproba

a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions

multicomponent na haluang metal, haluang sodium ng iba't ibang bahagi

a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule

radikal, kimikal na radikal

a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research

pagsusuri, analisis

a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products

dinamikong balanse, balanse sa kimika

(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it

electrolisis

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

tunawin, matunaw

to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid

dilute, pahinin

to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling

ipahinga, ikalat

the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution

solubilization, pagsasama-sama

the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level

mikroistruktura, istruktura sa mikroskopiko

a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties

nanotubong

heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures

natutunaw, natunaw

a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries

yugto, estado

to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances

mag-detoxify, neutrohin ang mga nakakapinsalang sangkap

denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals

kristalino, kristalisado

a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals

krystalografo

a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe

kosmokimiko

a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase

kromatograpiya

a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa

beta paghina, beta pagkabulok

not having an electrical charge

hindi naka-charge, neutral

a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it

kondensador, device ng pagkondensa

weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles

Van der Waals na puwers, interaksiyon ng Van der Waals

a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications

metalurhiko

the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer

adsorpsyon, panin sa ibabaw

a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease

biodisel, biodegradable na gasolina

a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure

eutekto

a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass

superabsorbent, sopong na sobrang sumisipsip