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SAT přírodní vědy - Chemistry
Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s chemií, jako je "polymer", "isotope", "reactive" atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.
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a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
polymer
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
izotop
having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions
reaktivní
containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions
radioaktivní
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
kovalentní vazba
a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond
dvojná vazba
defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water
hydrofilní
characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water
hydrofobní
a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase
exotermická reakce
a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease
endotermická reakce
the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes
atomová hmotnost
the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance
molekulární hmotnost
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
hmotnostní číslo
a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12
mol
a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory
kuzel
a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid
pipeta
a device that spins samples to separate components based on density
centrifuga
a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels
indikátorový papír
a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties
periodická tabulka
the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid
kalcifikace
a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed
titrace
the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases
fermentace
the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution
koncentrace
a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale
mikrosonda
a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions
multikomponentní slitina
a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule
radikál
a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research
analýza
a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products
dynamická rovnováha
(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it
elektrolýza
to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid
naředit
to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling
suspendovat
the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution
solubilizace
the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level
mikrostruktura
a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties
nanotrubka
a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries
fáze
denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals
krystalický
a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals
krystalograf
a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe
kosmochemik
a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase
chromatografie
a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa
beta rozpad
a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it
kondenzátor
weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles
Van der Waalsovy síly
a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications
metalurg
the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer
adsorpce
a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease
biodiesel
a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure
eutektoid
a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass
superabsorbent
